Abstract: A liquid form adhesive system is provided for spin-coating on wafers and mounting to rigid carrier substrates to support thinning and backside processing. The liquid adhesive comprises about 30-35% of a rosin, between 5-10% of a thermoplastic urethane, a nonionic surfactant present between 1-3%, and a trace of an ultraviolet fluorescing dye. The entire system is dissolved in 50-65%, by weight, of a dual solvent mixture composed of dimethylacetamide and propylene glycol monomethyl ether. When the mixture is made to a specific viscosity, filtered, applied by a spin-coating method to the wafer frontside surface, and cured, the result is a uniform and smooth surface of defined thickness. When the coated wafer is mounted to a rigid substrate, it may be mechanically thinned to thicknesses down to and beyond 25 um, depending upon the wafer composition, diameter, and process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of undesirable organic matter from solutions of sodium nitrite that are generated as byproducts in the manufacture of thermoplastic resins. The process employs certain activated carbon types derived from lignite granular material under conditions that are favorable to promote the absorption of the organic matter of a variety of organic substances that are residuals that remain from organic phase specifications in the plastics manufacture.

Abstract: Antiperspirant actives that produce practically no visible white residue, even against a black background is provided by the reduction of the particle size, using a refractive index modifier, to a point where the antiperspirant active on application provides no discernible whiteness. When formulated into an antiperspirant stick, the antiperspirant actives produce an improved combination of functional properties, including excellent antiperspirancy, smooth skin feel, nontacky, quick drying and leave no visible residue. The exceptionally high surface area of the antiperspirant active results in rapid and efficient delivery of the active to the sweat glands and possible absorption. The absence or reduced quantity of suspending and flow enhancing agents, of gellant and surfactant, is believed to improve the antiperspirant active's ability to physically reach the sweat glands and improve efficacy.

Abstract: A cured resin dissolving composition comprising an alkyl ammonium fluoride dissolved in a wide variety of solvents and co-solvents with a soluble amine and surfactant. The composition is ionized to release fluoride which penetrates and reacts with the cured resin causing bond cleavage, breakdown, and dissolution of polymeric structure. The solvent system may be composed of hydrophilic solvents such as amides, ketones, alcohols, esters, and ethers, as well as hydrophobic families such as alkanes, alkenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons of varying carbon chain length and molecular weight. The rate of reactivity of polymer breakdown is concentration dependent upon ionized fluoride, stimulated by solution polarity and upon the amine triggered release from the organo-fluoirde. This rate is determined to be optimum in hydrophilic solvent systems with an amine. The product may be used in manufacturing to remove unwanted cured resins and their residues.

Abstract: Process muds are de-watered by the addition of high clay alumina. The clay is mixed with plant sludges or muds so as to cause flocculation of the solid particles, and separating the water from the solid materials, as by filtration. Various polymers and/or alum process residues can be added as well. In addition to de-watering plant sludges, this method also reduces color, and reduces the total organic carbon as well as heavy metals, from the filtered water. This permits disposal of the water to public waterways with no additional treatment.

Abstract: A halogen scavenging system is provided for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of halogen-containing olefin polymers or copolymers, comprising incorporating about 0.01% to about 1% of a hydroltalcite-like solid solution having the formula Al2(Mg)a(OH)b(CO3)c(G)d.eH2O and a crystallite size in the <003> direction of about 190 Å to about 225 Å, and having bidentate coordination for carbonate ion as shown by an infrared spectrum, and wherein 3≦a≦5.5; 8≦b≦14; 1.2≦c≦3; 0≦d≦1; 1≦e≦10 and G is a surface active agent into the halogen containing olefin polymer.

Abstract: n the manufacture of sodium carbonate having increased CO2 uptakes the carbonation reaction to form sodium bicarbonate is enhanced by the addition of particular amounts of a cationic quaternary amine, selected from the family of dialkylethoxylated quaternary salts, benzylalkyl quaternary salts, or a combination of quaternary salts from these families, to treat the 25-30% by weight sodium carbonate liquor prior to filtration. The manufactured product yields a modified sodium carbonate liquor product that, when crystallized and converted to any anhydrous product, is more readily carbonated with CO2 in the production of sodium bicarbonate. The cationic additive reacts with organic materials in the sodium carbonate liquor to form solid polymeric by-products. Thus the treatment with a cationic compound is made prior to filtering the liquor. After filtering to remove the polymeric by-products and other solid materials, the liquor is evaporated or crystallized to produce a purified and modified sodium carbonate.

Abstract: A method of making improved aluminum printing plates comprising graining the aluminum plates, de-smutting them by treating them with nitric acid solution, then rinsing with hot water, acetating the aluminum plates, and silicating the aluminum plates. The plates are then coated with a photoresist, pattern exposed and developed. The printing plates of the invention have improved characteristics; they have excellent adhesion of the resist in image areas, and ink repellency in non-image areas. The developed printing plates have excellent durability without baking.

Abstract: An improved skin friendly antiperspirant is provided in which a suitable polyhydric alcohol e.g., glycerin, is complexed with the antiperspirant of the type of activated or nonactivated aluminum or aluminum/zirconium salt that are commonly considered antiperspirant active materials and are covered by FDA OTC Tentative Final Monograph as Category I.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibited chloride salt is provided containing 30-38% by weight calcium chloride and up to 50% by weight based on the weight of the salt, of honey. This composition reduces the corrosivity of chloride salt up to as much as about 70% compared to that of the untreated sodium chloride solution. The corrosion-inhibited salt finds uses in a variety of applications, such as, for roadway deicing, freezeproofing, concrete additive and for dust suppression for example.

Abstract: A stripping composition is provided for removing polymeric organic substances from an inorganic substrate. The stripping composition comprises about 3 to about 15 weight percent aromatic quaternary ammonium hydroxide, preferably benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTMAH), about 50 to about 87.5 weight percent alkylsulfoxide, a co-solvent preferably a glycol, and, desirably, a suitable corrosion inhibitor and a non-ionic surfactant. Also provided is a method for stripping polymeric organic substances (i.e., negative-tone novolak and acrylic photoresists and post-etch residue) from inorganic substrates by contacting the polymeric organic substance with the organic stripping the BTMAH composition for a period of time sufficient to remove said polymeric substances.

Abstract: A method of making poly aluminum chloride water treatment products comprising reacting an aluminum compound with a base at a temperature in the range of about 70 to 250° F., measuring the aluminum oxide content and adding water to the reaction product as needed to prepare a product having an aluminum oxide content of about 10 percent by weight of the solution.

Abstract: A method of controlling ammonia levels and soluble phosphorus generated from the animal waste in milking parlors comprising applying to the parlor floor an acidic aluminum salt liquid. The treatment effective amount is effective to reduce phosphorus solubility in the manure; reduce phosphorus runoff and/or phosphorus leaching from fields fertilized with manure; inhibit ammonia volatilization from the manure; flocculate solids in the manure; reduce pathogens in the manure; increase the nitrogen content in the manure; and/or reduce acid rain associated with the manure.

Abstract: Animal enclosures such as poultry houses generate high amounts of ammonia that adversely affect weight gain and mortality or the animals, particularly among young chicks. The addition of a deliquescent salt, such as calcium chloride, to alum to treat animal waste products rapidly activates the alum to remove ammonia from the atmosphere. The ammonia sulfate by-product is useful as a nitrogen fertilizer.

Abstract: Stable aluminum-zirconium antiperspirant compositions in polyhydric alcohol solution with enhanced efficacy were made by direct reaction in aqueous solution of a soluble aluminum salt, a zirconium compound, a polyhydric alcohol, aluminum metal and optionally an amino acid buffer, and maintaining the solution at 100-140° C. to form a 20-45% by weight concentration of aluminum-zirconium complexes on an anhydrous basis. A solid product can be obtained by spray drying the product solution.

Abstract: An improved method of purifying sodium carbonate from a natural source whereby a dissolved sodium carbonate product is treated with a cationic compound, such as a quaternary amine, to react with carbon-containing contaminants and filtering the product. The filtered modified sodium carbonate solution is then crystallized and dried. The modified sodium carbonate has a greater reactivity or uptake of carbon dioxide for the manufacture of sodium bicarbonate than conventional sodium carbonates.

Abstract: Stable suspensions can be made from acidic metal salt solutions and finely divided acid-insoluble solid particles that have a particle size of less than twenty-five microns, preferably less than ten microns, and most preferably, about one micron. These suspensions can be used to treat surface waters to remove organic materials therefrom. The suspension forms a floc that includes the solid particles and organic materials, which floc rapidly settles out of solution, leaving purified water as the supernatant liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for accurately weighing a rail car coupled to other rail cars without uncoupling the rail car to be weighed includes a hydraulically operated positioning device assembly with opposed pushers that can be elevated to hold the axle of a rail car uptrack of the car to be weighed, a scale mounted downtrack of the rail car positioning device, and a car stop mounted downtrack of the scale that can be elevated to block the wheels of a car downtrack of the car being weighed.The rail car positioning device engages the car uptrack of the car to be weighed, moves the car to be weighed over the scale, and, by reversibly moving the car, centers the car over the scale. The car stop then engages the downtrack car to maintain it and other cars coupled to it downtrack in a fixed position during weighing and filling of the car on the scale. The carriage assembly then releases the car on the scale and moves uptrack where it acquires a hold on the next empty car.

Abstract: A time-temperature indicator label for measuring the length of time to which a product has been exposed to a temperature above a pre-determined temperature is provided. The period of time of exposure is integrated with the temperature to which the indicator is exposed. The label is a composite of a plurality of layers adapted to be adhered at its underside to a product container. The label includes a printable surface layer, a longitudinal wicking strip that is adhered underneath the surface layer substantially at the opposite extremities only of the wicking strip and a lower substrate layer forming an envelope with said surface layer. A heat-fusible substance, which melts and flows above a pre-determined temperature, is applied on the surface of the wicking strip contiguous to at least one of the ends of the wicking member. When the heat-fusible substance is exposed to a temperature above the pre-determined temperature, the heat-fusible substance flows along the length of the wicking member.

Abstract: Printing plates having a photoresist layer thereon that can be exposed by a computer controller laser have improved sensitivity and do not require a photomask step. We have found photoresists that include a film forming polymer, an organo azide and a photosensitive dye that absorbs light at the frequency of the patterning laser and converts it to heat energy. The heat energy in turn elevates the temperature of the organo azide above its dissociation temperature, destroying the azide in areas exposed to the light source, and solubilizing those regions. A post pattern exposure flood exposure with ultraviolet light hardens the unexposed resist, improving its resistance to etch solvents.