Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises adding water containing an effective amount of the adipate ester of a certain polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers. The method is especially useful when co-produced "hard" water is used. The resulting oil-in-water emulsion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: A composition which is particularly suitable for providing cathodic protection of metal structures is disclosed. The composition comprises a major amount of particulate anode material and a minor amount of a thixotropic carrier material. A method of using the composition is disclosed. Also, an apparatus which uses the composition is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing polyvinyl halide by suspension polymerization is disclosed. The improvement comprises adding a minor, but effective, amount of a quaternary ammonium salt of cellulose sulfate to the reaction admixture prior to polymerization. The improved process results in a product having increased bulk density.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cation-exchange resin is disclosed. The process comprises:(a) treating a chlorine-containing material, which is the distillation residue obtained by chlorinating or oxychlorinating a C.sub.2 -C.sub.40 hydrocarbon, with a sulfonating agent,(b) treating the admixture of step (a) with water and an organic solvent until the product shows a substantially neutral pH, and(c) removing the volatile materials to obtain a solid material which is suitable for use as a cation-exchange resin.

Abstract: A traction fluid is disclosed. The traction fluid is the product obtained by hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon composition containing at least 40 weight percent diphenylalkanes containing 22 to 34 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in the method of recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation by use of an aqueous mixture containing an alkali metal hydrocarbon sulfonate and a solubilizing agent (e.g. isobutanol). Briefly, the improvement comprises using as the sulfonate an alkali metal C.sub.20 -C.sub.24 alkane sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2,6-xylenol in high selectivity and a catalyst composition useful therein are disclosed. The process comprises reacting phenol, o-cresol or mixtures thereof with methanol in presence of water, hydrogen and a catalyst consisting essentially of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, SnO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and K.sub.2 O.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises adding water containing an effective amount of a combination of an alkaryl sulfonate having a molecular weight of 415 to 470 and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alcohol.

Abstract: A method of removing water from activated carbon is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises (a) passing liquid 1,2-dichloroethane through a bed of activated carbon until a bulk water phase ceases to exit the bed or until from about 60 to about 80 weight percent of the water present in a water-saturated bed has been removed and (b) removing substantially all of the remainder of the water present by use of vacuum or by passing hot air or hot nitrogen through the activated carbon.

Abstract: A method of removing water from activated carbon is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises (a) passing liquid 1,2-dichloroethane through a bed of activated carbon until a bulk water phase ceases to exit the bed or until from about 60 to about 80 weight percent of the water present in a water-saturated bed has been removed and (b) passing vapor phase 1,2-dichloroethane through the bed of activated carbon to remove substantially all of the remaining water.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises adding water containing an effective amount of (a) an anionic alkyl polyether ethoxylated sulfate or (b) a combination of this material with an alcohol ether sulfate. The resulting oil-in-water dispersion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: A method of removing metal alkaryl sulfonates from a hydrocarbon solution is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises (a) contacting the hydrocarbon solution containing metal alkaryl sulfonates with an aqueous basic solution containing a "recovery" surfactant, (b) forming a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase containing metal alkaryl sulfonates and (c) separating the hydrocarbon phase and the aqueous phase.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises adding water containing an effective amount of a combination of (a) a sodium or ammonium salt of an ethoxylated alcohol sulfate and (b) a surfactant selected from the group consisting of certain polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymers and certain oxyethylated alcohols. The resulting oil-in-water emulsion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: A sacrificial anode apparatus for providing cathodic protection of metal structures, a portion of which is in water is disclosed. The anode apparatus comprises:(a) a perforated subsurface container for anode material,(b) sacrificial anode material in continuous form extending through a conduit into the container from a source of supply located on the metal structure above water level,(c) a continuous source of supply for said anode material,(d) an electrical connection between the anode and the metal structure, and,(e) a device for feeding the anode material to the container in response to the electrochemical potential requirement of the structure being protected.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises adding water containing an effective amount of a combination of an ethoxylated alkyl phenol and a sodium or ammonium salt of an ethoxylated alcohol sulfate. The resulting emulsion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises adding water containing an effective amount of a combination of an ethoxylated alkyl phenol and an ethoxylated polypropylene glycol. The resulting emulsion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises adding water, certain specific surfactants and a basic material to the hydrocarbon. The resulting emulsion has a much lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of transporting viscous hydrocarbons through pipes is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises adding water containing an effective amount of a combination of an ethoxylated alkyl phenol and a low molecular weight alkaryl sulfonate. The resulting emulsion has a lower viscosity and is more easily transported.

Abstract: A method of removing specific water-soluble anionic surfactants from water is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises forming an emulsion by adding a nonionic surfactant and a hydrocarbon to the water and anionic surfactant. The emulsion is broken, with the anionic and nonionic surfactant being present in the hydrocarbon layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-t-butyl alkylphenols from alkylphenols in high selectivity is disclosed, wherein the starting alkylphenol is a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol and the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl. The process comprises reacting a 3-alkylphenol or a 2,3-dialkylphenol, wherein the alkyl group is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 primary alkyl, with isobutylene in the presence of a catalyst, which is a sulfonated polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C.