Abstract: An improved water base drilling mud composition wherein calcium ions are controlled and converted to water-insoluble plant nutrient compounds by the use of monocalcium phosphate compounds, said composition comprising an aqueous suspension containing from about 5 to 35 pounds per barrel of a clay material, from about 1 to 5 pounds per barrel of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide and mixtures of calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide, and at least a stoichiometric amount, based on the weight of said alkaline earth metal hydroxide of said monocalcium phosphate containing compound.

Abstract: A silicate foam composition having improved strength is produced using a particular combination of ingredients comprising an alkali metal silicate, a filler material, a cementing agent, a vinyl chloride telomer having an average molecular weight from about 600-1,000, a gelling agent, and other additives, such as a blowing agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing novel compounds represented by the formula ##EQU1## wherein R is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.100 alkylene group, R' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkylene group, n is an integer of 1 to 4, X is NH.sub.2, NHR", or NR"R", and Y is NH.sub.2, NHR", NR"R", or halogen, wherein, R" is an alkyl or alkylene polyamino group. The process comprises:1. reacting thiophosphoryl chloride with a monoamine (e.g., diethylamine) to give a reaction product comprising about 60 to about 100 mole percent phosphorochloridodiamidothioate and about 0 to about 40 mole percent phosphoroamidodichloridothioate;2. reacting the reaction product of step (1) with an alkylene polyamine to give a phosphorotriamidothioate;3. reacting the phosphorotriamidothioate of step (2) with an alkenyl succinic anhydride or acid; and4. treating the reaction product of step (3) with a basic material to give the desired product. The product of the process is useful as an additive in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Alcohols and ethers are prepared by reacting a substituted hydrocarbon compound containing halogen or alkyl sulfate groups with an alkali metal hydroxide, in aqueous solution, in the presence of a catalytic amount of certain betaines and recovering from the reaction mixture the desired alcohol and/or ether. The reaction mixture can contain alcohols, ethers, and diethers, in varying amounts, depending on reactants and reaction conditions. Typical examples of materials used are: 1,4-dichlorobutane, sodium hydroxide, and tridodecylcarbomethoxymethyl ammonium bromide as the catalyst. The ethers are useful as solvents.