Abstract: A coin sensor and method of identifying coins by size and also discriminating invalid coins includes a portion of a coin track (63) over which coins (14) pass in a single file, an illumination source (92) for illuminating at least portions of the coins (14) as the coins move along the coin track (63), an optical detector (95) spaced from the coin track (63) for detecting a size of at least a portion of each coin passing the coin sensor along the coin track, and a telecentric lens (94) positioned between the optical detector (95) and the coin track (63), such that the portion of each coin passing the optical detector (95) is seen to have an apparent size and configuration independent of a variation in distance of the coin from the telecentric lens (94) as each coin moves along the coin track (63). The optical sensor and detector (90) can be angled to assist in preventing stray light from the bottom of the coins from being transmitted to the detector (95).

Abstract: The present invention is a process and apparatus for forming various bio-products from cellulosic plant material. The plant material is subjected to a pulping step in which lignin is extracted from the material by an aqueous lignin solvent to form a lignin-solvent mixture and purified cellulose. The lignin-solvent mixture can be separated from the water to form a high energy density fuel that can be used independently or combined with biodiesel. The purified cellulose can be used in conventional processes, e.g., paper making, or can be converted to fermentable sugars with a cellulase enzyme to produce other bio-products depending on the operating conditions of the fermenter. The bio-products produced by the fermenter can include the solvent that may be recycled for use in extracting the lignin.

Abstract: A method is provided of controlling communication between multiple ports in a microfluidic device. The method includes the step of providing a channel network in a microfluidic device. The channel network including a first channel having a first input port and an output port. The first channel is filled with a fluid and a first output droplet is deposited on the output port. The first output droplet has a radius of curvature. The first output droplet flows toward the first input port in response to placement of a first input droplet having a radius of curvature greater than the radius of curvature of the first output droplet on the first input port. The first input droplet flows toward the output port in response to the first input droplet having a radius of curvature less than the radius of curvature of first output droplet.

Abstract: A bicycle frame assembly that includes at least one joint having a number of steps and laps formed between adjoining frame members. A first frame member includes a male portion of the joint and has at least three steps that are separated by rises between adjacent steps formed on an exterior surface of the first frame member. A second frame member includes a female portion of the joint and has the same number of steps and rises as the first frame member formed on an interior surface of the second frame member. The steps and rises of the first and second frame members are constructed and orientated so that the first frame member slidably cooperates with the second frame member to form a continuous multidirectional joint therebetween.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope and method of operation for monitoring and assessing proper tracking between the tip and sample, as well as automating at least some aspects of AFM setup previously done manually. Preferably, local slopes corresponding to the acquired data are compared to determine a tracking metric that is self-normalizing.

Abstract: One or more infrared transmitting ports are placed in the insulating housing of standard switchgear components to allow far infrared viewing of internal conductive components permitting earlier and more precise location of possible thermal failure through thermographic monitoring.

Abstract: A can cover and method are provided for preventing debris from entering an opening in a lid of a pop-top can. The pop-top can includes an upper rim extending about the lid and a pivotable pop-top operatively connected to the lid. The can cover includes a generally flat sheet and a disc removably connected to the sheet. The disc includes a first side, a second side and an opening therethrough. Indicia is provided on the first side of the disc. The disc is receivable on the pop-top can such that the second side engages the rim of the pop-top can and the pop-top extends through the opening in the disc.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a sleep support surface that includes a resiliently deformable sleep support having a person-supporting surface and a resiliently deformable layer with a substantially closed elongate opening that accommodates part of a massaging apparatus that has resistive compressive properties of a resiliently deformable layer lacking an elongate opening when the opening is closed. In one embodiment, the sleep support is a mattress having a foam layer with a slit formed therein in which a movable massager that is a massager head of the massaging apparatus is received. One mattress embodiment includes a foam submattress having a lengthwise extending slit extending substantially the length of the mattress and a mattress topper overlying the massager head.

Abstract: A system for protecting against reverse current flow in an output module of an Industrial Process Control System includes a transistor that is driven by a control signal and a current monitor arranged to monitor a current through the transistor. The system includes a processor that is arranged to receive the monitored current and to generate the control signal in dependence upon the monitored current. The processor is configured to turn off the transistor if a reverse current is detected in the transistor. Extension of the system provides a power feed combiner that is protected against reverse current flow.

Abstract: A lock mechanism is disclosed for a sheet store adapted for the dispensing or accepting of sheets. The sheet store comprises a container having a lid operable for access to the interior of the container and a shutter operable for the passage of sheets therethrough. The lock mechanism comprises: a locking plate movable relative to the container, the locking plate being operable to control a lid lock element and a shutter lock element; and an actuator arranged to control movement of the locking plate. The locking plate is movable between three positions, including: a closed position, in which the shutter lock element prevents opening of the shutter; a primed position, in which the shutter can be opened; and an open position which controls the lid lock element to permit opening of the lid.

Abstract: A method of fitting a cyclist in a cycling shoe is provided. The cycling shoe is engagable in a clipless pedal via a cleat affixed to the cycling shoe. The method includes the steps of compensating for a cyclist's biomechanical malalignments within the kinetic chain involved in cycling by providing a tilt to the cyclist's forefoot and challenging the cyclist with a neuromuscular feedback test as the cyclist uses their foot to apply a force through the cycling shoe to the clipless pedal. The compensation is varied and the cyclist is retested until a favorable response to the neuromuscular feedback test indicates a functional compensation.

Abstract: An adjustable seat suspension for a vehicle seat that includes a linkage arrangement disposed between a seat frame and seat base whose collapse is opposed by a spring lever arm linkage arrangement supported on a fluid powered spring actuator carried by the base that has a plurality of pivotable spring lever arms that are each coupled to a portion of the frame. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid powered spring actuator is an air spring whose pressure is adjustable and which is powered by an air compressor to tailor suspension characteristics and provide a desired preload. The base includes an upright to which the spring lever arm linkage arrangement is pivotally mounted with its spring lever arms supported by a saddle carried by the air spring at a location disposed between the upright and where the spring lever arms couple with the seat suspension.

Abstract: A seat mount with integrated adjustment that includes a seat base with integrally molded slide bearing receiving pockets that each receives an integrally formed slide bearing of one piece and unitary construction that engages apertures formed in a seat mount that preferably is a seat slide plate or seat mounting plate.

Abstract: A mandrel for supporting a roll of flexible web material has a brake mounted thereto that can be selectively activated to apply a braking force to rotation of the roll of flexible material about the mandrel. The brake includes an inflatable bladder and a shoe, such that when the bladder is inflated the shoe is pushed into engagement with the core of the roll of flexible material. The mandrel is particularly well suited for use with a packaging machine in which a sheet of flexible material is indexed form the supply roll. Before the completion of an indexing cycle, the bladder may be inflated such that further advancement of the sheet of flexible material or rotation of the supply roll is countered and inhibited. This braking of the supply roll advantageously introduces tension to the sheet of flexible material without the use of a dancer roll arrangement.