Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell for the generation of low cost halogen biocidally active agent from an aqueous solution having a low halogen salt content for use in the treatment of sewage or other liquid affluents, especially those of fresh water swimming pools or fresh water cooling towers. The electrolytic cell is used in line with pumps generally associated with the distribution of waters for swimming pools or cooling towers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyclone for use in conjunction with electrolytic cells for separating a gas such as hydrogen from the electrolyte solution so as to significantly increase the efficiency of subsequent cells connected in series in a large bank of electrolytic cells. The subject cyclone is especially useful in a sea water hypochlorite electrolytic cell wherein the flow rate of electrolyte is in the range of 20 to 80 gallons per minute (75 to 300 liters per minute).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for the concentration and purification of a cell liquor containing sodium or potassium hydroxide wherein the three compartment electrolytic cell has a porous catalytic anode, a porous asbestos diaphragm separating the anode compartment and a central compartment having a stratification network, a cation-exchange membrane separating the central compartment and a cathode compartment having cathode disposed therein such that an electrolyzing current may be passed between the anode and cathode. Hydrogen gas emanating from the cathode and anode compartments is fed into the porous catalytic anode to decrease the potential across the cell below the evolution potential for chlorine and coincidently reduce the power requirements of the cell, which is operated at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymercaptan material and method for preparation thereof useful in the curing of epoxy resins to impart a more hydrophobic characteristic to the resultant thermoset polymers for use in applications where there is frequent contact with water. The compound described and prepared is a propoxylated ether polythiol of the structure: ##STR1## WHEREIN Y IS AN INTEGER OF AT LEAST 1, X IS AN INTEGER OF AT LEAST 2, R is a polyol consisting of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and free of reactive functional groups and the total number carbon atoms in R and ##STR2## IS GREATER THAN 15.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell utilizing an electrolyte circulation system designed to prevent buildup of sludge within the cell compartments and to insure a greater current efficiency by reason of the even distribution of electrolyte solution flow within the cell. This electrolytic cell is particularly suited for organic electrochemical production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for electrically and mechanically connecting the backplates of a bipolar electrode to be used in a filter press electrolytic cell for electrochemical production. This method employs the use of a metal laminate strip having surfaces of metallic substances identical and corresponding to the metallic makeup of the given backplates which can be welded between the anode and cathode backplates using standard weldment procedures. The metal laminate strips are placed in a spaced series such that the anode and cathode backplates present two parallel planes in spaced relation to each other thereby leaving a space for the escape of hydrogen gas, preventing hydrogen embrittlement of the titanium anode backplate.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrode assemblies which can be used to build a monoplanar membrane electrolytic cell suitable for the production of chlorine, alkali metal hydroxides and hydrogen having at least one central electrode assembly sandwiched between two end electrode assemblies with membranes therebetween to form a closed cell. Several of these resulting electrolytic cells can be connected in series or parallel to form electrolyzers very suitable for the electrolysis of a solution of sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for electrically and mechanically connecting the backplates of a bipolar electrode to be used in a filter press electrolytic cell for electrochemical production. This method employs the use of explosion bonded solid metallic strips between the two backplates of a bipolar electrode to provide the essential electrical and mechanical connection therebetween while leaving sufficient air space to allow the escape of hydrogen gas thereby preventing hydrogen embrittlement of the titanium anode backplate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for use in electrochemical processes especially electrowinning processed wherein a valve metal substrate such as titanium carries a semi-conductive intermediate coating consisting of tin and antimony oxides laid down upon the valve metal substrate in a series of layers and a top coating of lead dioxide applied by a plating process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for converting a diaphragm electrolytic cell to a membrane electrolytic cell by using the standard diaphragm cell equipment and applying a membrane over top of a matting material upon the cathode surface. This method permits a manufacturer having a diaphragm electrolytic cells to convert those cells to membrane electrolytic cells without significant capital expenditure to achieve the desirable characteristics of a membrane electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for the concentration and purification of a cell liquor containing sodium or potassium hydroxide wherein the three compartment electrolytic cell has a porous catalytic anode, a porous asbestos diaphragm separating the anode compartment and a central compartment having a stratification network, a cation-exchange membrane separating the central compartment and a cathode compartment having cathode disposed therein such that an electrolyzing current may be passed between the anode and cathode. Hydrogen gas emanating from the cathode and anode compartments is fed into the porous catalytic anode to decrease the potential across the cell below the evolution potential for chlorine and coincidentally reduce the power requirements of the cell, which is operated at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved wafer electrode for use in an electrolytic cell, having an access tube to direct a fluid across the electrode plate or to remove fluid from near the electrode plate within the cell. Cells employing the subject wafer electrode in an electrolytic cell can be used for various electrochemical processes such as for the production of alkali metal carbonates.

Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode assembly for use in electrolytic cells, and apparatus for forming such assemblies. The anode assembly comprises an anode riser to which is joined a parallel pair of metal sheets which form anode surfaces. The sheets are joined to the riser by connecting means which permit movement of the sheets toward and away from one another while maintaining their parallel relationship. Additionally, the connecting means is such that it maintains a tension on the sheets to prevent them from warping or assuming a non-planar configuration. The disclosed apparatus permits assembly of the sheets to the riser in a simple, rapid manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for use in electrochemical processes especially electrowinning processes wherein a metal substrate made of a valve metal such as titanium carries a semiconducting intermediate coating consisting of a combination of tin and antimony oxides laid down upon the valve metal substrate in a series of layers and a top coating consisting of manganese dioxide applied in a series of layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bipolar electrode for stacking with other identical bipolar electrodes to form a filter press electrolytic cell. The anode and cathode compartments are pans, each pressed from a single sheet of an appropriate metallic material and are assembled in back-to-back spaced relation leaving an air space between the two pans. The peripheral channels of the pans are filled with a castable rigidizing material to form solid peripheral edges for sealing engagement of the bipolar electrode by other identical bipolar electrodes. These electrodes may be sealingly clamped together in series with diaphragms or membranes sandwiched in between if desired to form a cell structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for the electrochemical production of pinacols from organic carbonyl compounds at high current efficiency in an acid medium in a cell having a hydraulically impermeable cation-exchange membrane. Aqueous organic carbonyl compound and sulfuric acid are introduced to the cathode compartment of the cell along with copper ions in controlled concentrations. After passing an electrolyzing current between the anode and cathode of the cell the pinacol is recovered from the cathode compartment effluent.