Abstract: A combination process for upgrading hydrocarbon fractions obtained from raw shale oil, oil products of coal processing and select fractions of crude oils comprising sulfur, nitrogen and metal contaminants to produce jet fuel product fractions such as JP4, JP5, JP8 and other turbine-type fuel materials provided. The combination of integrated processing steps involving hydrotreating, acid extraction of basic nitrogen compounds and hydrofining thereof to produce a feed composition suitable for catalytic reforming in the absence of significant hydrocracking whereby jet fuel boiling range material is produced significantly reduces by the combination the hydrogen requirements of the process.

Abstract: A side by side hydrocarbon conversion-two staged stacked catalyst regeneration arrangement is provided wherein the first stage of catalyst regeneration is temperature restricted to achieve incomplete removal of carbon deposits and a second higher temperature regeneration is accomplished in an upflowing catalyst contact system under conditions to accomplish removal of residual carbon on the catalyst and produce a CO.sub.2 -rich flue gas. A special external cyclone separator arrangement may be attached to either of the second stage regeneration operation or the riser hydrocarbon conversion operation to effect separation of catalyst particles from gasiform material.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration process and apparatus is described for converting residual oils and regeneration of catalyst in two separate low and higher temperature regeneration stages stacked one above the other on the same or different vertical axis to provide catalyst at a temperature above the residual feed psuedo-critical temperature. A CO rich flue gas is recovered from the low temperature regeneration stage and a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is recovered from the higher temperature regeneration stage. The temperature of the catalyst mixed with the residual oil feed is sufficient to obtain substantially complete vaporization of the residual oil charge. A special arrangement of apparatus is provided in the lower portion of a riser conversion zone to obtain the intimate vaporization contact between residual oil feed and the high temperature catalyst charged to the riser.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion-catalyst regeneration process and apparatus is described for converting residual oils and regeneration of catalyst in two separate low and higher temperature regeneration stages stacked one above the other on the same or different vertical axis to provide catalyst at a temperature above the residual feed pseudo-critical temperature. A CO rich flue gas is recovered from the low temperature regeneration stage and a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas is recovered from the higher temperature regeneration stage. The temperature of the catalyst mixed with the residual oil feed is sufficient to obtain substantially complete vaporization of the residual oil charge. A special arrangement of apparatus is provided in the lower portion of a riser conversion zone to obtain the intimate vaporization contact between residual oil feed and the high temperature catalyst charged to the riser.

Abstract: In a reactant-fluid catalyst suspension system, an arrangement of apparatus is provided contiguous with a riser discharge which centrifugally initially separates the suspension into a solids phase and a gasiform material phase prior to discharge from the riser. The catalyst may be further stripped if desired in equipment above and about the riser discharge. The arrangement contributes substantially to the efficiency and economics of the separation of catalyst from gasiform products including products of hydrocarbon conversion and combustion products of catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: A method and means for disposing of undesired heat in the conversion of lower alcohols and their derivatives to higher boiling gasoline hydrocarbons in a crystalline zeolite fluidized bed.

Abstract: Crystalline zeolite catalysts are stabilized against reducing and moisture containing atmospheres by providing and maintaining substantial metal cationic sites in the zeolite during use in chemical reactions encountering reducing and/or moisture rich atmospheres at high temperature.

Abstract: Petroliferous material of tar sands is processed to recover both low and higher boiling distillate material in a sequential combination operation involving thermal distillation and solvent extraction. Residue of solvent extraction is gasified with hot sand product of gasification step used in the thermal distillation operation.

Abstract: A processing arrangement for upgrading crude oil by the combination of hydrodewaxing, and fluid catalytic cracking or hydrocracking to maximize the production of low pour, high quality distillate fuel oil is particularly described. Cracking of atmospheric bottoms of residua, hydrodewaxing atmospheric heavy gas oil and hydrodesulfurizing light gas oil material to produce diesel fuel oil products are primary components of the processing arrangement.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons over an intimate mixture of catalysts comprising a first component of ZnO-Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 mixed catalyst, characterized by catalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen of carbon monoxide, wherein the Zn:Cr atomic ratio is less than about 4:1 and a second component selected from a selective class of acidic crystalline alumino-silicates having a silica:alumina ratio greater than 12:1 and a pore dimension greater than about 5 Angstroms.

Abstract: Light gases rich in methane and ethane are produced from synthesis gas by contacting a CO reducing component of molybdena alone or in combination with an element selected from the group consisting of cobalt and vanadium distributed on a support of alumina or silica/alumina. The presence of hydrogen sulfide in the syngas feed enhances the activity and selectivity for the catalysts to produce ethane rich light gases.

Abstract: A stripper arrangement is provided in a regenerated catalyst standpipe for removing or displacing combustion flue gas products with fuel gas products of hydrocarbon conversion freed of hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: In a reactant-fluid catalyst suspension system, an arrangement of apparatus is provided contiguous with a riser discharge which centrifugally initially separates the suspension into a solids phase and a gasiform material phase prior to discharge from the riser. The catalyst may be further stripped if desired in equipment above and about the riser discharge. The arrangement contributes substantially to the efficiency and economics of the separation of catalyst from gasiform products including products of hydrocarbon conversion and combustion products of catalyst regeneration.

Abstract: Mixtures of hydrogen with oxides of carbon, preferably with carbon monoxide, are converted to hydrocarbons at temperatures below about 500.degree. C. by contact with a fused alkali metal formate or hydroxide or mixtures thereof which contains a hydrogenation catalyst of a transition metal or a compound of a transition metal or mixture of the same.

Abstract: Petroliferous material of tar sands is processed to recover material boiling below 850.degree. F. with higher boiling material converted to high BTU fuel gas and with heat developed transported to improve the thermal efficiency of the combination operation.

Abstract: A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted in a first reactor with an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst such as potassium promoted iron under special conditions and the total products from said contact are then converted in a second reactor containing HZSM-5 to obtain either a highly olefinic or highly aromatic product depending on reaction conditions.

Abstract: A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted with a mixture comprising an element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium and osmium carbon monoxide reduction catalyst and a crystalline alumino-silicate providing a pore dimension greater than about 5 Angstroms and a constraint index in the range of 1 to 12 to produce hydrocarbon mixtures useful in forming gasoline boiling range products, aromatic rich hydrocarbons, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fraction boiling below about 430.degree. F. and initially desulfurized to contain not more than about 2 ppm weight of sulfur is further desulfurized to comprise less than 0.5 ppm sulfur by sequential contact with a desulfurizing catalyst and a bed of zinc oxide before effecting bimetallic reforming of a naphtha boiling fraction.

Abstract: The fluid catalytic cracking of a residual oil fraction comprising metal contaminants and/or asphaltene type coke formers is processed by injecting the oil into the upper portion of a riser cracking operation under conditions to effect partial conversion thereof over a catalyst inactivated by carbonaceous deposits. A 650.degree.0 F. plus product of the low severity cracking is passed in contact with freshly regenerated catalyst under conditions of high conversion severity in the lower portion of the riser.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for solubilizing municipal refuse and other solid organic wastes in a highly aromatic refinery petroleum solvent to produce a homogeneous heavy oil or bitumen composition.