Abstract: The invention provides molybdenum-zinc dialkyldithiophosphates useful as friction-reducing, anti-wear and oxidation-inhibiting agents in lubricants, in particular, in fuel economy oils.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkylene glycols is disclosed which comprises hydrating alkylene oxide in the presence of a partially amine-neutralized sulfonic acid catalyst.

Abstract: A burner and partial oxidation process for producing synthesis gas, fuel gas or reducing gas from slurries of solid carbonaceous fuel and/or liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The burner has a high turndown feature and comprises a central conduit; a central bunch of parallel tubes that extend longitudinally through said central conduit; an outer conduit coaxial with said central conduit and forming an annular passage therewith; and an annular bunch of parallel tubes that extend longitudinally through said annular passage; and wherein the downstream ends of said central and annular bunches of parallel tubes are respectively retracted upstream from the burner face a distance of about 0 to 12 i.e. 3 to 10 times the minimum diameter of the central exit orifice and the minimum width of the annular exit orifice. Three ranges of flow through the burner may be obtained by using one or both bunches of tubes and their surrounding conduits.

Abstract: Control means for a diesel engine in which the engine's power output can be varied by eliminating the function of one or more cylinders during a period of engine operation. Said control means immobilizes at least one, and preferably a number of the engine's cylinders by maintaining the respective intake, and optionally the exhaust valves, in a fixed position. During periods of cylinder immobilization, the engine exhaust gas filter is rejuvenated by incinerating combustible particles therefrom. When exhaust gas is at a relatively low temperature, particle incineration is achieved by injecting fuel into the immobilized cylinder. The fuel is carried by the exhaust gas stream into the filter. In the latter, the fuel/gas mixture when contacted by a catalyst bed, ignites to raise the gas to a sufficient temperature to ignite retained combustible particles.

Abstract: A novel fuel composition containing a hydrocarbon boiling in the gasoline boiling range plus optionally ethanol or methanol plus, as a corrosion inhibitor, a dialkoxylated alkyl polyoxyalkyl primary amine ##STR1## typified by ##STR2##

Abstract: Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fractions of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, CO and H.sub.2 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for dewatering flowing diesel fuel includes an agglomerator in a conduit, a sump containing an acid resin catalyst, a sensor in the sump for detecting water, and a conduit for injecting dimethoxyketal into the sump, in accordance with a signal generated by the sensor, the dimethoxy ketal reacting with the water in the diesel fuel in the presence of the catalyst whereby the flowing diesel fuel is dewatered.

Abstract: Propylene glycol monoalkyl ethers are prepared in good yield by reacting acetaldehyde and an alkanol (or by reacting an acetal) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cobalt-containing compound and a cocatalyst comprising a member of the group consisting of rhodium-containing compounds, ruthenium-containing compounds and nickel-containing compounds, and heating the resulting mixture at moderate temperatures and pressures for sufficient time to produce the desired glycol monoalkyl ether, and then recovering the same from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Gasohol containing a mixture of gasoline and absolute ethanol, is maintained as a single phase mixture in the presence of water at pH below 7 by addition of an acetal; a ketal such as 2,2-dimethoxy propane; or an orthoester.

Abstract: Trim control of a partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas is effected by two improved control schemes which are automatically operated separately or in sequence. The control systems include sensors sensing the flow rate of the feedstreams and analyzers which provide signals corresponding to the wt. % carbon in the effluent gas quench cooling and scrubbing water for use in controlling the particulate carbon in the effluent gas stream, and/or signals corresponding to the mole fraction of CH.sub.4 (dry basis) in the cooled and cleaned effluent gas stream for use in controlling the temperature in the reaction zone. The signals from the sensors and analyzers are provided to the system control unit which computes values that represent the relative difference between the actual and desired carbon-make and/or the actual temperature in the reaction zone, and the relative difference between the actual and desired temperature in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A lubricating oil solvent refining process employing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvent in which solvent is recovered from a solvent-oil mixture in a staged series of vaporization zones at progressively increasing pressure with external heat supplied only to the vaporization stage having the highest pressure and control of vaporization in the lower pressure stages is effected by passing a minor portion of the vapors from the highest pressure stage to the lowest pressure stage. A high temperature vacuum flash vaporization zone may follow the high pressure vaporization stage with external heat supplied to the vacuum flash vaporization zone.

Abstract: A monitor receives a slurry of coal and water and provides an output signal corresponding to the coal content of the slurry. The monitor includes sensing apparatus which senses the hydrogen content of the water in the slurry and provides a corresponding signal. A circuit supplies a signal corresponding to the hydrogen content of water. An output network provides the output signal corresponding to the coal content of the slurry in accordance with the signals from the sensing apparatus and the circuit.

Abstract: A method determines the extent of subsurface reactions in which random acoustic signals are radiated from a whole area covered by the reaction or from a boundary region, hereafter termed reaction front, between largely undisturbed rocks and those already covered by the reaction. The signals are recorded by at least two receivers positioned at different locations outside the reaction area. The recorded signals are cross-correlated as a function of a time shift between the recorded signals so that at least one surface confining the reaction area is determined from the cross-correlation.

Abstract: A process for the production of highly aromatic petroleum fractions from various petroleum feedstocks suitable for catalytic cracking in a fluidized catalytic cracking unit wherein heavy gas oil from a first fluidized catalytic cracking unit is subjected to further catalytic cracking in a separate fluid catalytic cracking unit at temperatures in the range of 565.degree. to 650.degree. C. producing light olefins and a heavy gas oil consisting of essentially aromatic components suitable for the production of needle coke, and the method of producing needle coke from various hydrocarbon cracking stocks.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium salt composition represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a hydrocarbyl radical having from 25 to 200 carbon atoms, x is a number from 2 to 4, y has a value from 0 to 4, R' is a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and z is a number from 0 to 2, is provided, as well as a method of preparation and a lubricating oil composition containing same.

Abstract: An improved process for fluid catalytic cracking or hydrocarbons employing a Y zeolite in a silica-alumina matrix and containing from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent fluorine. The catalyst is prepared by contacting a Y zeolite in a silica-alumina matrix with an aqueous solution of a fluorine compound, preferably an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride, for a period of 16 to 24 hours, followed by drying and calcining the resultant fluorided cracking catalyst. The process of cracking hydrocarbons with these catalysts produces improved yields of motor fuel fractions of improved octane number as compared with processes employing unfluorided cracking catalysts.

Abstract: A process for conversion of paraffinic base petroleum cracking stocks to high octane motor fuels and petrochemical feedstocks in which paraffinic components are separated from the cracking stock to yield a deparaffined fraction which is hydrotreated and catalytically cracked and a paraffin fraction which is separately catalytically cracked whereby improved yields of normally gaseous olefins and normally liquid products including high octane motor fuel components are obtained.

Abstract: A process for the partial oxidation of pumpable slurries of solid carbonaceous fuels in which the pumpable slurry of solid carbonaceous fuel in a liquid carrier is passed in liquid phase through one passage of a burner comprising a retracted central coaxial conduit, an outer coaxial conduit with a converging orifice at the downstream tip of the burner and, optionally, an intermediate coaxial conduit. The downstream tips of the central conduit and the intermediate conduit, if any, are retracted upstream from the burner face a distance of respectively two or more say 3 to 10 for the central conduit, and about 0 to 12 say 1 to 5 for the intermediate conduit times the minimum diameter of the converging orifice of the outer conduit at the burner tip. A pre-mix zone is thereby provided comprising one or more, say 2 to 5 coaxial pre-mix chambers in series.

Abstract: A manometer type instrument with an open leg above an indicator fluid. It is subject to immersion in a body of liquid, the change in level of which is to be measured. It includes an improvement which eliminates the formation of a capillary seal at the top of the open leg. The improvement uses a relatively thin wire that is supported so as to extend down into the open leg far enough to reach through the capillary seal.

Abstract: Unsaturated cyclic keto acids bearing pendant alkyl groups may be prepared by rearranging substituted dicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the presence of a strong Bronsted acid catalyst. The products may be useful as corrosion inhibitors in alcohol fuels and as intermediates in chemical and additive manufacture.