Abstract: A process of preparing a radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion is disclosed in which the silver halide grains form dispersed clumps. A population of fine silver halide grains is precipitated at higher concentrations than previously taught for preparing this type of an emulsion by employing a peptizer limited in amount, limited in methionine content, or both. Following formation of the grains, they are aggregated into clumps by the addition of a surfactant, optionally assisted by the adding iodide, increasing pH or both. The grain clumps are stabilized against further aggregation by adding a high methionine peptizer and optionally assisted by the precipitation of additional silver halide.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a radiographic product which makes it possible to obtain an image with no residual yellow coloring. The radiographic product comprises at least one photosensitive silver halide tabular grain emulsion spectrally sensitized with a spectral sensitizing dye in the blue region having an emission peak between 400 and 500 nm, and an optical brightener derived from 4,4'-diaminostilbene disulfonic acid having at least three anionic sulfo groups, put in the photosensitive layer of the radiographic products or in at least one layer situated between the photo-sensitive layer and the support. The radiographic product is applicable to radiographic systems including one or two intensifying screens.

Abstract: A color negative photographic element is disclosed containing yellow, magenta and cyan dye-forming couplers and masking dyes. Visual judging of the negative image obtained following processing is facilitated by choosing the masking dyes to provide, following imagewise exposure and processing, in CIE1976(L.sup.* a.sup.* b.sup.*) color space L.sup.* values of greater than 30 and C.sup.* values of less than 20, where C.sup.* values are derived from the formula: C.sup.* =[(a.sup.*).sup.2 +(b.sup.*).sup.2 ].sup.1/2.

Abstract: A color negative photographic element is disclosed that is constructed with the following layer unit coating sequence, starting with the support: slower red, slower green, slower blue, faster red, faster green and faster blue. A surprising enhancement in speed is realized when color development is undertaken in a time (S) ranging from 15 to 110 seconds and a development temperature (T) ranging from 40 to 65.degree. C., development time and temperature being chosen to satisfy the relationship:(T)(log S).gtoreq.75.

Abstract: A color negative photographic element is disclosed that is constructed for development in less than 2 minutes. Increased red and green speeds are realized by employing the following layer unit coating sequence, starting with the support: slower red, slower green, slower blue, faster red, faster green and faster blue. Total hydrophilic colloid in the layer units, interlayers and protective layer unit is limited to less than 15 g/m.sup.2 to facilitate more rapid development.

Abstract: A system for industrial radiography is disclosed comprised of (1) an industrial radiographic element comprised of a support covered on each of its major faces with a tabular grain emulsion layer in which at least 50 percent of total grain projected area is accounted for by silver bromide tabular grains having an average aspect ratio of at least 2 and a volume greater than 0.03 .mu.m.sup.3 and (2) disposed on opposite sides of the radiographic element, two intensifying screens designed to emit electrons when exposed to X or gamma rays with an energy greater than or equal to 10 kV. A speed improvement is realized upon exposure and processing.

Abstract: A camera-speed color photothermographic imaging method is disclosed. A photothermographic film is employed that contains a photographically responsive, thermally developable panchromatically sensitized emulsion layer unit capable of concurrently forming silver and dye image densities. The emulsion layer unit is exposed in three separate image capture areas to blue, green or red light received from the photographic subject to create latent images of blue, green and red light exposure. The photothermographic element is thermally processed to produce images of the same hue in each of the three separate image capture areas. The images of blue, green and red light exposures are then converted into a corresponding additive or subtractive primary hue, and integrated to provide a positive or negative color image of the photographic subject.

Abstract: A radiographic element is disclosed containing in a high bromide tabular grain emulsion layer a 5-mercaptotetrazole to increase covering power. The 5-mercaptotetrazole is additionally capable of increasing imaging speed and producing colder image tones when provided with a phenyl substituent in the 1 ring position, which phenyl substituent is in turn substituted in its para position with a substituent satisfying the formula R(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n O-- wherein n is an integer of from zero to 5; when n is 1 to 5, R is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; and, when n is zero, R is methyl.

Abstract: A direct X-ray dental film is disclosed that, following imagewise exposure, can be removed from its opaque package and processed in room light. The film is comprised of emulsion and protective layers that contain dye particles which can be decolorized during processing. The dye particles provide an average density of greater than 3.0 over a spectral range of above 320 nm over which the silver halide exhibits an absorption coefficient of at least 0.5 cm.sup.-1. For additional protection the emulsion layers contain desensitizer adsorbed to the silver halide grains to reduce their sensitivity to light without significantly reducing their sensitivity to X-radiation.

Abstract: A silver halide film for reproducing digitally stored medical diagnostic images through exposure and processing, including development, fixing and drying, in 90 seconds or less is disclosed in which onto a film support transparent to exposing radiation are coated (1) a processing solution permeable front layer unit coated on the front major face of the support capable of absorbing up to 60 percent of the exposing radiation and containing less than 30 mg/dm.sup.2 of hydrophilic colloid and less than 20 mg/dm.sup.2 silver in the form of radiation-sensitive silver halide grains and (2) a processing solution permeable back layer unit coated on the back major face of the support containing less than 40 mg/dm.sup.2 of hydrophilic colloid, silver in the form of radiation-sensitive silver halide grains accounting for from 40 to 60 percent of the total radiation-sensitive silver halide present in the film, and a dye capable of providing an optical density of at least 0.

Abstract: Portal radiographic elements and a process of confirming the targeting of a beam of X-radiation of from 4 to 25 MVp using the portal radiographic elements are disclosed. The X-radiation is directed at a shield containing a port to create a beam. The beam is directed at a selected anatomical feature of a patient over a period of at least 30 seconds. The portion of the beam that passes through the patient impinges on a metal screen, causing it to emit electrons, and the electrons impinge upon a fluorescent screen, causing it to emit light that exposes a portal verification radiographic element to create a latent image in light-sensitized silver halide grains. A processor is employed to convert the latent image to a viewable silver image from which intended targeting of the X-radiation beam can be verified.

Abstract: Increased speed with minimal halation is provided by a photographic element having a specularly reflective silver mirror coating coated between a hydrophilic colloid containing crosslinking sites forming an undercoat and a silver halide emulsion layer unit containing a hydrophilic colloid having crosslinking sites, radiation-sensitive silver halide grains, and a dye image-forming compound.Following imagewise exposure, photographic processing is conducted by (1) developing the photographic element with a color developing agent to create a dye image, (2) converting to silver halide the silver mirror coating and the silver produced by development, and (3) fixing the photographic element while concurrently crosslinking the hydrophilic colloid contained in the emulsion layer unit to the hydrophilic colloid contained in the undercoat.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsion is disclosed comprised of composite grains including host grains having predominantly {111} crystal faces, cuprous ions adsorbed to the {111} crystal faces of the host grains to act as a site director for subsequently deposited silver salt, and silver salt protrusions having their highest incidence adjacent at least one of the corners and edges of the host grains.

Abstract: Increased speed of the red record is realized when a color negative film is developed in 2 minutes or less and contains a fast and slow pair of red recording emulsion layers, the fast layer containing at a concentration of at least 0.1 mole per silver mole a colorless cyan dye-forming 2-(alkoxyarylcarbamoyl)-1-naphthol coupler.

Abstract: Direct X-ray films are disclosed capable of being handled in room light prior to and during processing. The films contain silver halide grains responsive to X-radiation that are sulfur sensitized. The films also contain a combination of processing solution bleachable dyes chosen to provide prior to processing (a) an average density of greater than 3.0 over a first, continuous spectral sensitivity range extending from a minimum wavlength of 320 nm over which the silver halide grains exhibit an absorption coefficient of at least 0.5 cm.sup.-1 and (b) a density of greater than 3.0 throughout a second spectral range including wavelengths of from 600 to 650 nm.

Abstract: A color negative photographic element is disclosed that a pair of fast green and red recording layer units coated to receive exposing radiation prior to at least one pair of slow green and red recording layer units. The green recording layer units together contain at least 1.0 g/m.sup.2 of silver with at least 60 percent of the silver in the green recording layer units being in a location other than the fast green recording layer unit, and the red recording layer units together contain at least 1.8 g/m.sup.2 of silver with at least 70 percent of the silver in the red recording layer units being in a location other than the fast red recording layer unit. When development times are reduced to 2 minutes or less during processing increased red speed, reduced granularity of the green record, and increased sharpness of the red record are observed.

Abstract: A high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion is prepared by creating grain nuclei containing greater than 45 mole percent bromide. Growth onto the grains under conditions favorable for high chloride {100} grain growth is conducted while maintaining (a) a temperature in the range of from 25 to 85.degree. C., (b) a pH in the range of from 3.5 to 8.5, and (c) a vAg in the range of from 120 to 200 mV. Crystal lattice field distortions are observed at the nucleation site, and the nucleation site exhibits the maximum bromide concentration, which is greater than 5 mole percent, based on silver at the site.

Abstract: A process of preparing a photographically useful high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion is disclosed that, following grain nucleation, introduces the total silver required for grain growth before undertaking ripening at a temperature of from 60 to 95.degree. C. The advantages attainable include a higher concentration of the silver in the final emulsion and high chloride tabular grains having larger mean grain sizes and higher average aspect ratios and accounting for a higher percentage of total grain projected area.

Abstract: A high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion is disclosed containing a non-uniform distribution of iodide to increase sensitivity. A high percentage of the {100} tabular grains have one or more crystal lattice dislocations lines at sites of maximum iodide concentration. The dislocation lines are distinctive in that they are oriented parallel to at least one edge of the {100} tabular grains. The mechanism for producing the dislocation lines relies upon a relatively slow rate of addition of iodide ion, improving the reproducibility of emulsion properties in manufacture. Relatively low overall levels of iodide are employed, allowing rapid rates of development.

Abstract: A process of preparing a photographically useful high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion is disclosed. The grain characteristics of the emulsion are improved by interrupting precipitation of the grain nuclei used to prepare the emulsion by performing a halide conversion step in which a molar ratio of iodide ion to bromide ion in the range of from 1.times.10.sup.-4 :1 to 5.times.10.sup.-2 :1 is employed.