Abstract: Microstructured materials which can be tuned to a particular range of r.f. frequencies to display particular magnetic permeabilities have been proposed. A typical material is made of an array of capacitive elements e.g. spirals or rolls of conducting material on a non-conducting substrate. These materials can be used as screening material which is effective for the particular band of frequencies to which it is tuned. In one example, the rolls 2 to 5 are orientated normal to the face of the screen 1, which reflects or absorbs the magnetic vector of electromagnetic radiation impinging normal onto the reflector face.

Abstract: A lighting device has a light source and a light distributor comprising a lamella grid or, more precisely, a reflective lamella grid. This has two strips parallel to one another and a row of lamellae which are arranged between said strips and, together with the two strips, consist of a single sheet-metal piece. Each lamella has a web and one or two limbs associated with this. Each web is furthermore associated with the two strips. The light distributor furthermore has two lateral walls which serve as lateral reflectors and are formed either by lateral sections of the sheet-metal piece forming the reflective lamella grid or by two originally separate parts connected to the reflective lamella grid. The reflective lamella grid can be produced economically from an originally flat sheet-metal piece with little work.

Abstract: A method and a system for disconnecting passenger transport systems, especially escalators and moving walkways. Functional units of a passenger transport system monitor for malfunctions of the passenger transport systems by using switching elements and the signals of the functional units are combined to form a security chain. The signals of the functional units and signals from a drive monitoring unit are supplied to at least one pilot unit. Subsequently, a disconnecting signal is provided to a respective disconnecting contact as a result of a malfunction detected by the functional units and/or the drive monitoring system.

Abstract: An information filtering process designed to sort through large volumes of dynamically generated textual information, incrementally learning process that learns as new text documents arrive and the user grades them by providing feedback. Text-based documents either dynamically retrieved from the Web or available in a textual repository on an Intranet are represented by applying key-word weighting's after capturing the user reasoning for classifying the document as relevant or irrelevant. When a new item (document) arrives, the learning agent suggests a classification and also provides an explanation by pointing out the main features (key-phrases) of the item (document) responsible for its classification. The user looks at this and provides hints by showing a list of features (key-phrases) and are truly responsible for a particular way of classifying the document. This interaction method contributes to the learning process.

Abstract: An electrically erasable programmable read-only memory cell array has a plurality of memory cells supplied with a supply voltage and a ground voltage. Each memory cell has a storage transistor with a floating gate. For each of selected memory cells, a first voltage higher than both the supply voltage and the ground voltage is applied to the control gate of the storage transistor and a second voltage lower than both the supply voltage and the ground voltage is applied to one of the source/drain electrodes of the storage transistor to thereby erase data in all of the selected memory cells.

Abstract: A machine for confining cigarettes or packets of cigarettes in converted blanks of paper, cardboard or the like employs a paster serving to apply adhesive to selected portions of successive blanks of a series of moving blanks. In order to compensate for wear upon and/or for misalignment of the paster and/or a back support for the blanks during application of adhesive, the back support is adjustable relative to the paster and/or vice versa in several directions. Such adjustability ensures predictable application of adhesive, such as hot melt, to predetermined portions of the blanks. The back support and/or the paster is or can be biased to a predetermined position relative to the path for the moving blanks.

Abstract: Method for estimating the filling of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine provided with cam stroke variation system. A theoretical induction efficiency which the cylinder would have if it operated with an optimal induction/exhaust timing value is estimated; said theoretical induction efficiency is derated by a correction factor depending on the induction/exhaust timing value actually used to estimate the induction efficiency, which is a standardised measurement of the filling of the cylinder.

Abstract: The invention concerns a personal data archive system with portable personal storage devices allowing the owner to enter and store personal data. Authorization checking devices are allocated to the storage devices and grant access to at least some of the personal data stored in the storage devices only in the event of a positive authorization and/or authentication.

Abstract: A method for treating cancerous or benign conditions of a body or organ employs selective irradiation of the body tissue with energy. The method includes the steps of monitoring temperatures of the skin surface adjacent the body, positioning at least one energy applicator around the body, delivering energy to the at least one energy applicator to selectively irradiate the body tissue with energy and treat at least one of cancerous and benign conditions of the body, adjusting the level of power to be delivered to the at least one energy applicator during treatment based on the monitored skin temperatures, monitoring the energy delivered to the at least one energy applicator, determining total energy delivered to the at least one energy applicator, and completing the treatment when the desired total energy dose has been delivered by the at least one energy applicator to the body.

Abstract: A cemented carbide end mill has three or more cutting edges formed on its periphery and flutes each provided between adjacent cutting edges. The land width of each cutting edge and the flute width has a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:4. Each flute has a helix angle of 35°-60° and, when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the end mill axis, is in a shape smoothly concave radially inwardly. The core of the end mill has a diameter which is 62%-68% of the outer diameter of the end mill. The cutting edges have a base material of ultra-fine cemented carbide and are coated with a titanium-aluminum nitride hard film. The end mill is good at chip discharging in groove cutting and provides less inclination of cut grooves and less corner wear of the end mill.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for use in measuring permeability of a material. The apparatus 1 comprises a non-contact probe 6 comprising an inner pipe 8 and an outer pipe 10 which are arranged coaxially; a gas inlet for admitting a flow of gas into a first space 9 defined between the inner and outer pipes; and pressure difference measuring systems DP for measuring a pressure difference &Dgr;P between said first space (P1) and a second space (P2) comprising the interior of the inner pipe 8. The probe 6 is mounted on a moveable head assembly 11 and the apparatus 1 further includes a position control system 12, 22 for controlling the movement of the head assembly 11 so as to cause the probe 6 to scan across a surface 2 of the material to be analysed, while maintaining the probe 6 at a constant distance Z from said surface 2, and for collecting pressure difference &Dgr;P measurements, using said pressure difference measuring device DP during scanning movement of the probe 6.

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus for detecting objects in a monitored region includes a transmitter that emits transmission light, a receiver that receives a reflected light, and an evaluation unit, in which the transit time to of the transmission light that is guided in the monitored region and reflected back, as a reflected light, by an object is evaluated. The transmitter emits the transmission light in the form of a sequence of transmission light pulses. A portion of the light quantity of a transmission light pulse is coupled out as a reference transmission light pulse and guided by way of a reference path to the receiver. The transit time tR of the reference transmission light pulse guided as a reference reflected light pulse to the receiver is determined in the evaluation unit. The transit-time difference to−tR is used to determine the distance of an object.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved three dimensional blade for axial steam turbine comprising a leading edge with inlet flow angle and a trailing edge with an outflow angle a pressure face, suction face and a chord which is the line connecting the leading and trailing edge and the betabi the stagger angle formed to the intersection of said chord and U-axis wherein the blade is made of varying cross-sections of profiles and and leaned such that the center of gravity of mid sections are shifted opposite to the direction of blade rotation and the blade sections from hub to tip are twisted to a gradual manner.

Abstract: A method for detaching a manhole frame (7) that is embedded in a road surface, wherein the manhole frame (7) is cut horizontally starting from the inside, without significant exposure of the outside area surrounding the manhole frame (7), by using a horizontally oriented rotating cutting blade (15) that performs eccentric circumferential runs along the inside of the manhole frame.

Abstract: A signal separation apparatus is capable of extracting original signals of two different systems with a high quality from received signals containing the original signals superposed each other in the course of transmission. In signal transmission from senders to receiver equipment, the signals to be sent separately are susceptible to mutual interference and superposition with given amplification factors in the course of transmission through respective transmission channels to such an extent that these signals can no more be discerned from each other by a receiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transportable podium (1) with step elements (2) which in an operating position of the podium (1) have different heights above a floor (6). To facilitate the assembly and disassembly of a mobile podium (1) the invention provides for the step elements (2) to be configured such that they can be extended telescopically and to be arranged in a substantially cuboidal support frame (5).

Abstract: A heat sink is provided with a box-like body attached to heat dissipating surface of a heat-dissipating element. A separation board separates the box-like body into upper and lower parts. A number of side separation boards divide the lower part into several areas, and nozzle parts are inserted into the side separation boards parallel to the attaching surface. Pin-like fins are formed in the bottom face in the several areas divided by the side separation boards and an air carrying means is provided at an upper area formed by the separation board for supplying cooling air to fins through the nozzle parts.

Abstract: A measuring method capable of automatically analyzing quantitatively the inner state of a disk is provided. Linearly polarized light from a light source enters a retarder to produce a desired elliptically polarized state. The elliptically polarized light is then passed through a half-wave plate to rotate the direction of a principal axis of the ellipse. The light is expanded into two dimensions by lens systems and to obtain planar information, and is further transmitted through a disk substrate so that the birefringence of a specimen, which depends on an inner stress state and a polymer orientation state, changes the phase of the light. The light wave with its phase changed is passed through a polarizer arranged perpendicular to the principal axis of the retarder. The CCD detects the light wave as a light intensity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the polygon effect that occurs over the course of the reversing of a chain which can be used for a pedestrian conveyor, especially an escalator or moving walkway. To this end, a different rotational speed is superimposed upon the rotational speed of the reversing wheel via the electric drive which indirectly or directly acts upon said reversing wheel.