Abstract: A system for the automated conversion to audio of text displayed on a surface.

Abstract: A transmission systems suitable for video.

Abstract: A gas engine has a first fuel feed system, a second fuel feed system and a third fuel feed system. The gas engine is operated by introducing combustion air into a combustion chamber of the engine. In a first mode of operation of the engine, gaseous fuel is added to the combustion air via the first fuel feed system and ignition fuel is injected into the mixture of gaseous fuel and combustion air via the second fuel feed system. In a second mode of operation of the engine, gaseous fuel is added to the combustion air via the first fuel feed system and ignition fuel is injected into the mixture of gaseous fuel and combustion air via the third fuel feed system.

Abstract: An emulation circuit is disclosed for connection to a low energy lamp energized by an AC supply and substituted for an incandescent lamp in a traffic signal installation. The circuit comprises means for sensing the magnitude of a supply voltage applied to energize the lamp connected to the terminals and means for sensing correct operation of the lamp. When the lamp is sensed to be operating correctly an auxiliary load intermittently to draw an additional current through the auxiliary load from the AC supply. The additional current is drawn only between preset phase angles of the cycles of the AC supply and the magnitude of the additional current drawn by the auxiliary load is varied in dependence upon the sensed magnitude of the supply voltage.

Abstract: A system including a video stream and a data stream. The system synchronizes the data stream to different portions of the video stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the partial pressure of oxygen when mutually separating minerals in the different process steps of the separation process. In order to control the partial pressure of oxygen, the gases fed in the different process steps are recirculated in an essentially closed gas circulation created around the equipment used in the different process steps, so that the gas recirculation is controlled by measuring the potential of the slurry containing valuable minerals.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a frame, an arm supporting member, and a leg supporting member. A sensor is connected to at least one of the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, and/or a resilient member is interconnected between the arm supporting member and either the leg supporting member or the frame. The sensor communicates with a user display and/or a resistance device to indicate the amounts of work performed by the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, and/or to adjust resistance to movement of the leg supporting member as a function of user force applied against the arm supporting member. The resilient member encourages synchronization of the arm supporting member and the leg supporting member, while allowing some relative movement therebetween.

Abstract: A system for image enhancement and, more particularly, a system for enhancing the quality of a quantized image.

Abstract: A wave energy buoy includes a spar that may be anchored to the sea bed and a float fitted to the spar for movement axially of the spar. The spar includes a spar tube and the float includes a generally annular shell defining an opening through which the spar tube extends. The spar tube and the float shell are made of composite material.

Abstract: A portable conveyor cleaning assembly with adjustable first and second end assemblies selectively mountable on respective sides of different width conveyors. A carriage is movable reciprocally over the conveyor to direct a cleaning fluid onto the conveyor, with the degree of reciprocal movement being adjustable to suit a particular conveyor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a discrete particle for subsequent analysis (such as mass spectrometry) or manipulation is disclosed. A discrete particle is generated by a particle generator. A net charge is induced onto the particle by an induction electrode. The particle is delivered to a levitation device where it is then electrodynamically levitated. If the particle is a droplet, desolvation will occur, leading to Coloumbic fissioning of the droplet into smaller droplets. The movement of the levitated droplet(s) can be manipulated by an electrode assembly. The droplet(s), and the charge thereon, can be delivered to a mass spectrometer in one aspect of the invention, providing an ion source for mass spectrometry without the detrimental space charge effects of electrospray ionization techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides designs for a self-ligating orthodontic bracket. According to one embodiment, the self-ligating orthodontic bracket includes a mounting base for attachment to a tooth surface, an archwire slot formed upon the base and sized for receiving an orthodontic archwire, a rotary ligating cover selectively rotatable between an open position permitting access to the archwire slot and a closed position covering the archwire slot, and one or more locking features for holding the rotary cover in a closed position. In one embodiment, the bracket includes one or more locking tabs on the rotary cover aligned in coplanar relation to the rotary cover and cooperatively mating with cutout portions in the base. The bracket may include cutouts on the sides of the rotary cover for easier manipulation of the cover. Lead in chamfers on the archwire slot may also be incorporated into the bracket base.

Abstract: A direct reduction process for a solid metalliferous material having a particle size distribution that at least in part contains micron sized particles includes supplying the metalliferous material, a solid carbonaceous material, an oxygen-containing gas, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed in a vessel and maintaining the fluidized bed in the vessel, at least partially reducing metalliferous material in the vessel, and discharging a product stream that comprises the partially reduced metalliferous material from the vessel. The process includes (a) establishing and maintaining a carbon-rich zone within the fluidized bed; (b) passing metalliferous material, including metallized material (which term includes partially metallized material), through the carbon-rich zone; and (c) injecting the oxygen-containing gas into the carbon-rich zone and oxidizing metallized material, solid carbonaceous material and other oxidizable solids and gases and causing controlled agglomeration of particles.

Abstract: Homogeneous solid amorphous dispersions of drugs in concentration-enhancing polymers are formed in desirable larger particle sizes with minimal fines by using an atomizer and process conditions capable of producing droplets having an average diameter of at least 50 microns and a D10 of at least 10 microns.

Abstract: A vane-type phaser connected to drive an assembled camshaft includes a drive member and a driven member each connected to a respective one of the inner and outer shafts of the camshaft. A first of the members includes a disc with at least one arcuate cavity that is open at both axial ends. The second member includes two closure plates sealing off the axial ends of each cavity of the first member and at least one vane formed separately from the closure plates which is movably received in a respective cavity to divide the cavity into two variable volume working chambers. Each vane is secured at both its axial ends to the two closure plates.

Abstract: A method of adaptively encoding video in response to an estimation of bandwidth over a transmission channel, where bandwidth estimation uses feedback packets from a receiver acknowledging receipt of video packets transmitted during an interval when the transmitted packets are not stored in a buffer of a lower network layer.

Abstract: A backlit display with improved dynamic range. The disclosed display illuminates a pixel of the display at respective non-zero illumination levels during each of a first frame and a second frame and decreases the illumination level of the pixel during the interval between the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel photochromic and electrochromic monomers and polymers based on 1,2-dithienylcyclopentene derivatives and method of using and synthesizing same. The compounds are reversibly interconvertible between different isomeric forms under suitable photochromic or electrochromic conditions. The electrochromic conversion may be catalytic. The application also relates to ultra-high density homopolymers prepared using ring-opening methathesis polymerization (ROMP) where the central ring of the 1,2-bis(3-thienyl)-cyclopentene is incorporated directly into the polymer backbone. The monomer units may be readily functionalized to enable the synthesis of polymers with diverse structural and electronic properties.

Abstract: A routing tool allows a user to create a set of routing templates, each specifying the shape of a routing corridor and identifying the corridor's terminal edges. Each routing template also specifies a set of constraints on routing of an unspecified number of conductors that are to be routed between the corridor's terminal edges. To direct the tool to create a routing plan for a particular set of conductors in a particular routing space, the user selects one of the routing templates and modifies the routing template if necessary to adjust the specified shape of the corridor to match that of the particular routing space or to adjust its specified routing constraints if necessary to accommodate any particular routing constraints to be imposed on that set of conductors. The routing tool then processes the modified routing template to generate the routing plan for routing the set of conductors between the terminal edges of the specified corridor in a manner that satisfies the specified routing constraints.

Abstract: A method of probing an electrical device using a membrane probing system having an improved contact. A membrane probe forms a contact having a ridge with a pair of inclined surfaces defining an acute angle such that, when pressed into an electrical pad of a device to be tested, the ridge penetrates into the electrical pad, shearing away any oxide on the surface of the pad. The device may then be tested.