Abstract: A method is described to determine the valve train wear performance of a lubricating oil by adding to the lubricating oil from about 2% to about 9% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, of a mixture of at least three carbon black components of mixed particle size and measuring the wear induced in a wear test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing polyalkenylsuccinimides having a sediment level less than 0.1 vol % comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a polyalkenyl derivative of an unsaturated acidic reagent by (i) reacting a polyalkylene with an unsaturated acidic reagent in the absence of a strong acid until at least 25% of the polyalkylene is converted to a polyalkenyl derivative of an unsaturated acidic reagent; (ii) continuing the reaction with an excess of the unsaturated acidic reagent in the presence of a strong acid to convert at least some of the unreacted polyalkylene to additional polyalkenyl derivative of an unsaturated acidic reagent; and (iii) removing the unreacted unsaturated acidic reagent; (b) reacting the unfiltered product of step (a) with a polyamine having at least one basic nitrogen atom; (c) diluting the product of step (b); and (d) subsequently filtering the polyalkenylsuccinimide product.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and lubricant compositions for reducing wear in heavy-duty diesel engines. The lubricant compositions disclosed herein comprise a combination of an anti-wear effective amount of a dispersed, hydrated alkali metal borate, a neutral sulfonate and an overbased detergent composition.

Abstract: Oil compositions and formulated crankcase engine oils demonstrate improved fuel economy performance when comprising an overbased sulfonate detergent having a total base number greater than about 450 and which contain at least one other additive which includes a succinimide type dispersant. Methods for improving fuel economy employing such high TBN sulfonates and engine oil formulations and concentrates containing such are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions, as well as additive packages and finished oil compositions comprising the same. The dispersed hydrated potassium borate compositions of the invention exhibit low turbidity and the finished oil compositions exhibit improved wear performance under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and lubricant compositions for reducing wear in internal combustion engines lubricated with a low phosphorus content lubricating oil. The lubricant compositions of this invention comprise a synergistic combination of a complex of a molybdenum/nitrogen containing compound and at least one phosphorus-containing compound wherein the total phosphorus employed in the composition is no more than about 0.06 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and application tool useful for removing engine deposits in a reciprocating internal combustion engine by directing a substantial portion of a cleaning composition to an interior cavity of the engine through an access port wherein the point of delivery is independent of the access port and positionable within the interior of the engine cavity.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for removing engine deposits in a gasoline internal combustion engine by introducing a cleaning composition into an air-intake manifold of a warmed-up and idling gasoline internal combustion engine and running the engine while the cleaning composition is being introduced. One such cleaning composition suitable for these methods comprises (a) a phenoxy mono- or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol; (b) at least one solvent selected from (1) an alkoxy mono- or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol and (2) an aliphatic or aromatic organic solvent; and (c) at least one nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: Disclosed are lubricant compositions comprising a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate, a polyalkylene succinic dispersant selected from a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives thereof; and a metal salt of a polyisobutenyl sulfonate. Also disclosed are methods for improving the water tolerance of a lubricant composition and methods for preparing such lubricants comprising a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate and a dispersant mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for removing engine deposits in a recprocating internal combustion engine by introducing a cleaning composition into an air-intake manifold of a warmed-up and idling reciprocating internal combustion engine and running the engine while the cleaning composition is being introduced. One such cleaning composition suitable for these methods comprises a first solution containing a mixture of: (a) a phenoxy mono- or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol; (b) at least one solvent selected from (1) an alkoxy mono- or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol and (2) an aliphatic or aromatic organic solvent; and (c) at least one nitrogen-containing detergent additive; and a second solution containing a mixture of: (d). a phenoxy mono- or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol; (e) a cyclic carbonate; and (e) water.

Abstract: An engine oil having a base oil and a friction reducing amount of an oil soluble sulfurized or unsulfurized oxymolybdenum complex prepared from reacting, in the presence of a polar promoter, an acidic molybdenum compound and a basic nitrogen compound and a low concentration of a sulfurized oxymolybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate; employed together to provide at least 450 parts per million of molybdenum and less than 175 parts per million of molybdenum from the dialkyldithiocarbamate, both on the basis of the engine oil.

Abstract: Disclosed are dispersed hydrated sodium borate compositions, as well as additive packages and finished oil compositions comprising the same. The dispersed hydrated sodium borate compositions of this invention exhibit decreased turbidity and the finished oil compositions improved water tolerance when the hydroxyl to boron ratio is carefully controlled.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted amine which is the reaction product of: (a) a polyolefin epoxide derived from a branched chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5,000; and (b) an amine having the formula:  wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbyl of 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and, when taken together, R1 and R2 may form one or more 5- or 6-membered rings containing up to about 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for controlling engine deposits in a direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine which comprises operating the engine with a fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range and an effective deposit-controlling amount of a fuel additive composition comprising: (a) an aromatic ester compound of the formula: or a fuel soluble salt thereof, wherein R is hydroxy, nitro or —(CH2)x—NR5R6, wherein R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro or —NR7R8, wherein R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R4 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and (b) a poly(oxyalkylene) amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the p

Abstract: Ethers of polyalkyl or polyalkenyl N-hydroxyalkyl succinimides having the formula: or a fuel soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a polyalkyl or polyalkenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to about 5,000; n is an integer from 2 to 5; and Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of  wherein R1 is a hydroxy, nitro, cyano or —(CH2)x—NR3R4, wherein R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and x is 0 or 1; and R2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or —(CH2)y—NR5R6, wherein R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y is 0 or 1. The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: An overbased alkaline earth metal single-aromatic ring hydrocarbyl salicylate-carboxylate is produced by overbasing a mixture of a single-aromatic ring hydrocarbyl salicylate, at least one solvent, a metal hydroxide, and an alkyl polyhydric alcohol alkaline earth metal hydroxide, by contacting that mixture with carbon dioxide under overbasing reaction conditions. The alkyl group of the alkyl polyhydric alcohol has from one to five carbon atoms. The overbased metal single-aromatic ring hydrocarbyl salicylate is treated, before, during, or subsequent to overbasing, with a long-chain carboxylic acid to form a single-aromatic ring hydrocarbyl salicylate-carboxylate.

Abstract: A method for removing boron from a boron trifluoride-catalyzed polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product which comprises: (a) diluting the polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product with an inert solvent to give a polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product concentration in the range of about 40 to about 80 weight percent; (b) filtering the diluted polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product in the presence of a filter aid in combination with (1) magnesium silicate, (2) water or (3) a mixture of magnesium silicate and water; wherein the water is present during filtration at a concentration of about 100 to 1,500 ppm, based on the diluted polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product; with the proviso that when water is used in the absence of magnesium silicate, the filter aid is diatomaceous earth; and (c) recovering a filtrate containing the diluted polyalkyl hydroxyaromatic reaction product having less than about 10 ppm of boron present.

Abstract: A poly(oxyalkylene)pyridyl or piperidyl ether having the formula: wherein A is a nitrogen-containing ring selected from the group consisting of 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 3-piperidyl and 4-piperidyl; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R1 and R2 is independently selected in each —O—CHR1—CHR2— unit; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to about 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having about 7 to about 100 carbon atoms; n is an integer from about 5 to about 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 4. The poly(oxyalkylene)pyridyl and piperidyl ethers of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: Aminocarbamates of polyalkylphenoxyalkanols having the formula: wherein R is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of about 600 to 5,000; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A is a polyamine moiety having at least one basic nitrogen atom, wherein the polyamine is connected to the carbonyl group through one of its nitrogen atoms to form a carbamate linkage. The compounds of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and about 2,050 to about 10,000 parts per million by weight of a hydrocarbyl-substituted polyoxyalkylene amine having the formula: or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group having from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms; R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and each R1 and R2 is independently selected in each —O—CHR1—CHR2— unit; A is amino, N-alkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, N,N-dialkyl amino having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, or a polyamine moiety having about 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms; and x is an integer from about 5 to about 100.