Abstract: A method of analysing a sample for alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) comprises treating the sample (or extract thereof) with a reagent which will react with an AKD to produce a detectable derivative. The preferred reagent is 4-(N,N'-dimethylamino)pyridine.

Abstract: A laser 10 comprises a pump source 11, a resonator 13 including an etalon of gain material 15, and means 12 to focus the pump source 11 output onto one end 14 of the resonator 13 as a spot having a diameter in the range 50-150 .mu.m. The resonator 13 includes substantially parallel end faces 14,19 having a relative taper better than 0.25 milliradians, and the end faces 14,19 are substantially free of scratches greater than 10 .mu.m in size and pits greater than 5 .mu.m in size. A thermally induced microlens 22 is formed at the surface 14 of the gain material 15.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of a photoelectrochemical cell and a cell made by this method. A disadvantage of such cells (1) is the fact that their efficiency is not sufficient for economic use. It is therefore the aim of the invention to avoid this disadvantage. The method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a photoelectrochemical cell (1) comprising a porous electrode (4), the effective surface of which is by a factor 700 greater than that of electrodes of comparable size.

Abstract: A mark is incorporated to the original during the fabrication of said original in such a way that said mark is invisible on the original but appears on the copy of the original which is made by using a photocopying machinge. The mark is incorporated by additionally mixing the original image to be protected and the marking image to be concealed in the original by modulating one or the other of the images or by manipulation of Fourier transforms.

Abstract: Polymer-bound mixed carboxylic anhydrides can be prepared under mild conditions by the condensation of carboxylic acids (including N-protected amino acids) with polymer-bound acid chlorides. These mixed anhydrides function as polymeric reagents in the sense that they will react readily with monomeric nucleophiles such as amines to form amide or peptide products, depending on the identities of the mixed anhydride and amine reactants. However, in spite of their reactivity, these polymeric mixed anhydrides exhibit a significant degree of stability under conditions of prolonged storage, which suggests that such compounds have commercial utility as a relatively stable form of highly activated carboxylic acids. The polymeric support can be reactivated and recycled for repeated use in the derivatization process.

Abstract: A multi-access card and card holder upon which the machine readable service access codes for a plurality of service providers may be reproduced, comprising at least one card having a plurality of machine readable service access codes reproduced thereon, including at least one machine readable magnetic strip, and a plurality of pockets each formed from a pair of rectangularly-shaped plastic sheets peripherally joined together along three sides thereof, each having one common peripheral joinder, and each having an open end to receive the card, at least one of the pockets being sized to receive only the portions of the card that do not have a machine readable magnetic strip service access code placed thereon.

Abstract: An article 10 for insertion into an opening, for example for use as a closure plug in a screw-threaded hole, comprises a body 18 and two projections 22 extending outwardly from the body 18. The outer extent of the projections 22 is circular about the axis of the body 18 except for two gaps 24 which are oppositely disposed. The body 18 is tapered backwards to enable the projections 22 to fold backwards in a compact fashion so that the article can fit large and small diameter openings.

Abstract: A gas analyser and detector has an infra red source, a gas chamber and a detector cell; the detector cell has a gas sample inlet, inlet and exit paths for an infra red beam and reflector means in the chamber comprising a convex surface and a concave surface. The reflector means ensures a long path length for the beam whilst reducing beam divergence and signal loss.

Abstract: When in use, the sealed cartridge (1) containing a certain amount of a substance intended for the preparation of a bewerage by dissolution or extraction with a liquid, is placed inside a liquid collector member comprised of a frusto-conical beaker (9). The assembly thus formed is placed inside a housing (21) of a "spoon" of a coffee machine. The top of the cartridge (1) is perforated by a perforator and injector member which injects a liquid under pressure inside the cartridge (1). The lower membrane (2) of the cartridge undergoes a deformation under the effect of the pressure thus generated and is pressed against perforator tips (13) at the bottom of the beaker (9). The liquid flows into the housing (21) and can be collected in cups. The invention makes it possible to optimize the contact time of the substance contained inside the cartridge with the liquid supplied for its dissolution or its extraction.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): (X).sub.n RuLL.sub.1 where n is 1 or 2, preferably 2, and in which Ru is ruthenium; each X independently is selected from Cl, SCN, H.sub.2 O, Br, I, CN and SeCN and L is a ligand of formulae (a) to (g) and L.sub.1 is selected from a ligand of formulae (a) to (c) where each R independently is selected from OH, hydrogen, C.sub.1-20 alkyl, --OR.sub.a or --N(R.sub.a).sub.2 and each R.sub.a independently is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl.

Abstract: Plane sheets which have the same shape as the magnetic circuit and are relatively movable along their contact surface are arranged in a stack. The stack is grasped and part of the circuit is bent out of alignment with the plane of the sheets to enable a coil to be placed on a portion of the circuit which is next to the air gap, whereafter said part is bent back into alignment with said sheets.

Abstract: An antenna roof mounting, comprising a substantially solid planar foundation that may be secured to a roof substrate; a substantially closed geometric superstructure affixed to and vertically raised upon the foundation; and a mast for an antenna affixed to the superstructure.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a first tubular part (1) comprising an air inlet (4) wherein the patient may breathe out and in. A second part (2), inclined upwardly, comprises an outlet duct (5) having a conical shape and in which is disposed a spherical ball (6) having a diameter larger than the dimensions of the inlet orifice of the duct, in order to obstruct the duct before expiration. The axis of the conical duct (5) is inclined upwardly with respect to the axis of the tubular-shaped part (1). A third part (3) downwardly inclined comprises an outlet duct (5') having a conical shape and in which is disposed a spherical ball (6') having a diameter larger than the dimensions of the inlet orifice of the duct, in order to obstruct the duct before inspiration, the axis of said conical duct (5') being inclined with respect to the axis of the tubular-shaped part (1).

Abstract: The magnetic circuit (1) is made in a single piece or consists of a stack of identically-shaped sheets. The height (H) of the air gap (2) is greater than the thickness (E) of a coil (5), enabling said coil to be inserted through the air gap. This structure is easily assembled during the mass production of current sensors which use such circuits.