Abstract: Ortho cresol is methylated in the liquid phase to yield 2,6-xylenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol in high selectivity and mild conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing lipase and pyocyanine from n-paraffins by growing a pseudomonas-like hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria thereon and extracting the lipase and pyocyanine from the intracellular portion of the bacterium.

Abstract: A stable oil-soluble metal sulfonate composition for use as an analytical standard for metal-in-oil analysis is provided. The composition is an equilibrium product represented as follows: ##STR1## wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of mercury, vanadium, iron, lead, barium, berylium, tin, silver, titanium, copper, magnesium and sodium; R, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl radicals containing from about 10 to 18 carbon each; Ar is an aryl radical; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; x is an integer equal to the chemical valance of M, and the ArR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 constituent is further characterized as being oil-soluble and having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 320 to 720.

Abstract: Phase disengagement between aqueous copper sulfate solutions and organic phases containing a liquid ionic change reagent is greatly facilitated when the dispersed medium from the mixture stage is contacted counter-currently to the direction of phase separation with a small amount of the respective separated phase having uniform appropriate droplet size.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating 2,6-xylenol from m,p-cresols by treating the mixture with methanol over alumina catalysts at about 360.degree. C and 400-500 psig.

Abstract: Phenol is directly methylated in liquid phase while in the presence of gamma aluminas derived from Ziegler alcohol synthesis. The reaction is carried out continuously in liquid phase at temperatures of from about 300.degree. to 400.degree. C, liquid hourly space velocities of from about 1.0 to 15.0, pressures of from 500 to 1500 pounds per square inch gauge and a methylating agent to phenol mol ratio of from about .1 to about 3.0. High selectivity and yield of desired products such as ortho cresol, 2,6-xylenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol is obtained, while minimizing m,p cresol formation.

Abstract: .alpha.-Naphthol is methylated using methanol to form 2-methyl-1-naphthol over a catalyst bed of alumina. The reaction provides high selectivity to 2-methyl-1-naphthol. Alumina catalysts derived from alumina alkoxide hydrolysis are preferred.

Abstract: Submerged offshore steel platform joints are coated with concrete with the steel members between concrete-covered joints protected cathodically to prevent corrosion and corrosion fatigue. The combination allows more economical cathodic protection and extends the useful life of the submerged joints of the offshore structure.

Abstract: A process for catalyzing heterogeneous ionic organic reactions in a system of multiple liquid phases in which at least two of the reactants are each located in a different phase with respect to the other, the phases containing such reactants differing in polarity. Catalysis is effected by introducing to the system one of certain organic quaternary salts which are more soluble in the least polar reactant-containing phase than in the other reactant-containing phases. The quaternary salt catalysts utilized have the general structural formula (AM).sup.+X.sup.- where A is an organic portion of the salt molecule bonded to M by four covalent linkages, and preferably comprises a plurality of hydrocarbon radicals of either monovalent or polyvalent character, M is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth, and X.sup.- is an anion which will dissociate from the cation (AM).sup.

Abstract: Volatile organic silicon compounds from stripper overheads resulting from Ziegler aluminum alkyl synthesis of primary alcohols are hydrogenated to remove undesirable silicon prior to use as a fuel.

Abstract: Friable compositions suitable for use as extrusion aids in polymeric extrusion formulations are prepared by a process which comprises mixing a paraffinic hydrocarbon wax, calcium hydroxide and a fatty acid while heating to a temperature of at least 150.degree. C and thereafter cooling to recover a solid, glass-like, friable composition, said paraffinic hydrocarbon wax having a drop melting point of at least 110.degree. F, an oil content of not greater than 50 percent by weight and a needle penetration value (77.degree. F) in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm, and said fatty acid being a C.sub.16 -C.sub.24 aliphatic hydrocarbon monocarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol is recovered in high yield and high purity from its admixture with di- and tri- methyl-substituted phenols by subjecting the admixture in a solvent to countercurrent caustic extraction.

Abstract: 2,6-xylenol is methylated to yield 2,3,6-trimethylphenol in high selectivity in a liquid phase reaction controlled in temperature, pressure, and reactor residence time.

Abstract: Friable compositions suitable for use as extrusion aids in polymeric extrusion formulations are prepared by a process which comprises mixing a paraffinic hydrocarbon wax and calcium salt of a fatty acid while heating to a temperature of at least 160.degree.C and thereafter cooling to recover a solid, glass-like, friable composition, said paraffinic hydrocarbon wax having a drop melting point of at least 110.degree.F, an oil content of not greater than 50 percent by weight and a needle penetration value at 77.degree.F in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm, and said fatty acid being a C.sub.16 -C.sub.24 aliphatic hydrocarbon monocarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improved process for the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride homopolymers is accomplished by the addition of small amount of chain extending agent to the polymerization formula allowing the polymerization to be run at a higher temperature thus making better use of the reactor's heat removal capability. More efficient use of initiator is also accomplished while producing polyvinyl chloride having the desired molecular weight dependent physical properties. The process also allows a faster rate of polymerization.

Abstract: A process for producing higher molecular weight alcohols by forming a reaction mixture of at least one lower molecular weight primary or secondary alkanol having a methylene group adjacent the hydroxylated carbon atom, an alkali catalyst and a palladium (II) compound, said palladium compound being mixed with the alkanol prior to dissolution of the alkali catalyst therein, and heating the reaction mixture to effect condensation of the alkanol while simultaneously removing water as it forms.

Abstract: An improved method for removing sulfur compounds during coal gas methanation comprising removing essentially all carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from synthesis gas, then adding carbon dioxide containing lower levels of sulfur back to the gas stream before feeding the mixture to a desulfurization reactor. Carbon dioxide, at levels above about 12 percent, will prevent high temperature methanation runaways in the hydrodesulfurization reactor, where a stream consisting essentially of hydrogen sulfide and methanation materials is produced, the lower level of hydrogen sulfide produced being removed by conventional methods before proceeding to methanation units. The carbon dioxide can be supplied either from an outside source or can be obtained from the synthetic natural gas after methanation.

Abstract: An improved iron catalyst is provided which is useful in catalytically synthesizing hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst comprises a calcined and reduced mixture of magnetite and alumina derived from water hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides wherein at least 70 wt % of the magnetite has been reduced and the alumina is in the gamma form.

Abstract: The use of a condensation reaction product of (1) meta-cresol, para-cresol or a mixture of meta and para cresols, and (2) an aldehyde defined by R-CHO wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having at least 1 carbon atom as an antioxidant in organic compositions.

Abstract: Polymer deposit or build-up on the interior surfaces of a polymerization vessel during polymerization of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in aqueous dispersion may be inhibited by adding certain heterocyclic compounds to the dispersion prior to polymerization.