Abstract: Oil shale particles separated into coarse- and fine-particle streams prior to retorting in a downward moving bed, wherein the fine particles enter the retort below the top of the fluidized bed to minimize entrainment before pyrolysis occurs.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently lower alkyl or R and R.sup.1 are joined to form a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or chloro; and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen or --SR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 of the same or different substituents selected from halogen, nitro, lower alkyl or lower alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens with the proviso that when R.sup.2 is chloro, R.sup.3 is not --SR.sup.4, bromo, fluorine or iodine, possess good fungicidal activity. Moreover, some of the compounds of this invention are active as algicides and herbicides.

Abstract: Improved age and heat stabilized photovoltaic solar cells comprising a semiconducting layer, a barrier layer containing the metal M.sub.1 and a stabilizing metal electrode containing two or more metals, one of which is M.sub.1, such that the tendency for M.sub.1 to diffuse between the electrode and the barrier layer is approximately zero.

Abstract: A porous, ceramic composition suitable for use as a catalyst support for demetalation of asphaltene-containing feedstocks is made from a combination of fibrous clays, wherein the fibers of both clays are randomly dispersed and the resulting mass extruded and calcined. The first fibrous clay is preferably halloysite and the second fibrous clay is preferably attapulgite.

Abstract: A process for recovering maleic anhydride from gaseous compositions comprising maleic anhydride and water by condensing the composition at a temperature in the range of from about 20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. and a pressure of less than about 200 millimeters of mercury.

Abstract: Lubricating oils containing oil soluble hydroxyalkyl alkanoates have been found to reduce fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl or halo; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl; Z is halo; and R.sup.4 is alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl,a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; a group of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen or alkyl; A five or six-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring of the formula ##STR4## wherein at least one of V, W, X or Y is an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom, R.sup.9 is alkyl and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 have herbicidal and plant-growth-regulating activity.

Abstract: A two-step process for dewaxing and stabilizing hydrocracked lubricating oil stocks is disclosed. High-silica zeolite produces catalytic dewaxer effluent containing lower olefins for favorable stabilizing (alkylation) reactions by contact with acidic catalyst substantially free of hydrogenation activity.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing clay soil comprising admixing the clay soil with an effective amount of a dry mixture of chemicals comprising hydroxy-aluminum and a chemical selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate.

Abstract: An improved catalytic dewaxing process using a CZH-5 zeolite having a hydrogenation component is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting hydrocarbons with a particulate catalyst containing a crystalline solid which has pore openings and maximum cage dimensions of 5.5-7.0 Angstroms; an active metal with both dehydrogenation activity and oxidation activity is disposed within the interior of crystals of the crystalline solid; the catalyst is cycled between a reactor and a regenerator, and the active metal is used for (1) selectively dehydrogenating paraffins and aromatizing aliphatics in the reaction zone while large-diameter coke-forming hydrocarbons are inhibited from contacting the metal, (2) facilitating catalyst regeneration by accelerating combustion of carbon from within the pores of the crystalline solid in the regenerator, so as to assure very low residual carbon levels within the crystalline solid in regenerated catalyst; and (3) oxidizing carbon monoxide in the regenerator to make available additional heat to compensate for endothermic conversion reactions in the cracking reactor.

Abstract: A porous ceramic composition suitable for use as a catalyst support for demetalation of asphaltene-containing feedstocks is made from the tubular form of the clay halloysite by dispersing the rods of the clay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-stage process for the production of clean liquid hydrocarbons from coal. In the process subdivided coal is dissolved in a process derived solvent. The dissolver effluent is passed through a catalytic reactor operating under hydrocracking conditions, to produce normally liquid products and recycle solvent. The solvent is further cooled to precipitate unconverted heptane-insolubles prior to recycle to the dissolution stage.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oxygenated fuel blending composition which contains isopropanol by the hydration of propylene in which the by-product diisopropyl ether is subjected to a reversion reaction and the resulting propylene is oligomerized to form olefinic gasoline.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gravity settler for separating finely divided solids such as coal fines from a liquid such as a mixture of coal oil and agglomerating agent by agglomeration. A feed slurry comprising finely divided solids and a liquid mixture of product oil and an agglomerating agent is discharged into a specially shaped duct which promotes formation of agglomerated solids while minimizing turbulence in the remainder of the vessel. The agglomerated solids separate from the liquid by gravity and are washed as they leave the settler while the clarified liquid is discharged from the top of the settler. A method for separating suspended solids from a liquid by agglomeration is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock employing a dual component catalyst. The process is conducted under catalytic cracking conditions, preferably in a single stage, in the absence of added hydrogen. The dual component catalyst composition comprises a crystalline chromia silicate component and a large pore size crystalline aluminosilicate cracking component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor fuel comprising a major portion of gasoline-boiling-range compounds and from 0.1 to 49 volume percent t-butyl t-butoxyacetate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering magnetic particles from a fluid stream is provided. The fluid is contacted with a ferromagnetic element to cause attraction and collection of the particles. The ferromagnetic element is then heated to a temperature near or above the Curie temperature of at least one of (1) the ferromagnetic element and (2) collected magnetic particles. The collected magnetic particles are then disengaged from the ferromagnetic element. Preferably the ferromagnetic element is disposed in an applied magnetic field and the heating is preferred by passing alternating electric current through the element thereby causing sufficient vibration to disengage the particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-stage process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons from coal. More particularly, disclosed is a two-stage coal liquefaction process wherein subdivided coal is substantially dissolved in a solvent in a first non-catalytic dissolving stage at the temperature in the range 750.degree. to 900.degree. F. In a second stage, the mixture of solvent, dissolved coal and insoluble solids is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst at a critical temperature below 800.degree. F. The normally liquid portion of the hydrocracker effluent product has a surprisingly low sulfur content of less than 0.1 weight percent, a low nitrogen content of less than 0.5 weight percent, and a high API gravity of at least -3.

Abstract: The liquid level within a storage tank network is continuously monitored by a transducer system of the present invention formed essentially of MSI's (Medium Scale Integrated Chips) including a differential pressure (dp) cell in circuit with a digital volt meter (DVM) which, in turn, is connected to a series of look-up ROM's (Read-Only Memories). In operation and as a function of dp cell output level, DVM is continuously applying BCD signals to the ROM's, such signals being proportional to liquid level. The ROM's retain, in memory, the Gray code translations of the BCD input. The ROM's are then periodically accessed via an analog multiplexer controlled by an oscillator/ripple counter to provide corresponding microcircuit level signals at the output of a 7-segment decoder/driver. Thereafter, the microcircuit signals are regenerated--at levels compatible with conventional MARK-SPACE tank gauging systems--using an isolation/driver network in circuit with the 7-segment decoder/driver.