Abstract: A semiconductor device has a heat radiating fin attached to a semiconductor packaging device which holds a semiconductor element for externally diffusing heat generated by the semiconductor element. The fin is light in weight and has an improved thermal conductivity, since the heat radiating fin is made of an aluminum alloy or of a pure aluminum secured to a connecting member by a direct metallic bond. The connecting member is made of a Mo--Cu composite material. The fin and the connecting member are friction welded to each other to form the metallic bond at an interface between the fin and the connecting member.

Abstract: A heat conductive aluminum nitride sintered body contains 100 parts by weight of aluminum nitride, at least 0.005 parts by weight and not more than 0.5 parts by weight of carbon, at least 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 15 parts by weight of a rare earth aluminum oxide in terms of the simple substance of a rare earth element, and at least 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 15 parts by weight of at least one element selected from a group of compounds containing elements belonging to the groups IVB, VB and VIB of the periodic table in terms of the simple substance of the element. Heat conductivity of the aluminum nitride sintered body is at least 100 W/m.multidot.K and not more than 270 W/m.multidot.K at the ordinary temperature. According to a method of preparing such an aluminum nitride sintered body, at least 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 5 parts by weight of carbon, at least 0.01 parts by weight and not more than 15 parts by weight of an oxide of a rare earth element, and at least 0.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride sintered body that has been fired/formed to have a prescribed sintered configuration, is used as a substrate. A metal paste of tungsten is prepared and applied to the substrate. The metal paste of tungsten contains oxide components of at least 1 percent by weight of the paste and not more than 40 percent by weight of the paste. The oxide components include SiO.sub.2 of at least 1 percent by weight of the oxide components and not more than 40 percent by weight of the oxide components. The oxide components include CaO and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a weight ratio of at least 0.5 and not more than 2 of CaO to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The aluminum nitride sintered body coated with the metal paste is heated/fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of at least 1400.degree. C. and not more than 2000.degree. C.

Abstract: A friction material for making brake pads or brake disks is formed by mixing metallic fiber and/or aramid fibers as a main component, a filler material and a binder agent for binding the main component and the filler. The metallic fiber includes at least copper fibers and/or copper alloy fibers. The filler includes one or more inorganic substances having a plane netlike crystal structure. The inorganic substances having the plane netlike crystal structure include mica, talc, vermiculite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, agalmatolite, kaolin, chlorite, sericite, iron hydroxide, and montmorillonite.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for vapor-phase synthesizing a hard material use a raw material gas supplied into a reaction tube (6) while irradiating a region of the reaction tube (6) with microwaves (18) of a prescribed frequency for causing a synthesizing reaction to produce the hard material along a prescribed direction, by a plasma generation. In the reaction tube (6), at least two plate electrodes (17a, 17b, 19a, 19b) are oppositely arranged in parallel vertically to electric fields of the microwaves (18), so that the plasma is excited between the plate electrodes (17a, 17b, 19a, 19b) for vapor-phase synthesizing the hard material. The microwaves (18) of high electric power are introduced into the reaction tube (6) through a waveguide (5) without loss, so that strong electric fields can be homogeneously and stably distributed between the opposite plate electrodes.

Abstract: In a straightening or truing operation for straightening out of true work pieces the characteristic fatigue strength or an increased fatigue strength achieved in a previous strengthening operation of the work piece to be straightened, is maintained. This is achieved by a truing operation, wherein locally bounded compressive residual stresses are induced in a surface layer zone of the work piece by a hardening operation, whereby the respective out of true deformation of the work piece is at least reduced. The truing operation may then be repeated until the out of true deformation is eliminated. The compressive residual forces are induced in a surface layer zone of the work piece by a locally bounded hardening operation or a strengthening rolling operation. By appropriately varying the extent of hardening or the rolling force respectively, the magnitude and angle of any out of true deformation may be affected so as to be even completely eliminated, for example.

Abstract: A friction member has an improved anticorrosiveness and an improved shearing strength. For this purpose, the friction member includes a cured organic film (2) formed on a surface of a backing plate (1) and sandwiched between an adhesive layer (3) on a friction material (4) and the backing plate. The film (2) has a thickness sufficient to protect the backing plate (1) against corrosion. The organic film (2) is not affected by heat and/or pressure during the bond forming molding of the backing plate (1) and the friction material (4), so that the anticorrosiveness and the shearing strength of the friction member is improved.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor epitaxial wafer has a heteroepitaxial crystal layer grown on a compound semiconductor crystal substrate which has a substantially circular configuration and is free of dislocation defects at least in a central area surrounded by a cut-off that prevents defects from propagating radially inwardly into said central area.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of producing a high density fiber reinforced composite material operate for lowering the porosity of a porous fiber reinforced composite material. A large number of particles arranged in a reaction tube are pushed up by the pressure of gases flowing from a gas inlet port toward a gas outlet port to enter floating states and to collide with the porous fiber reinforced composite material which is fixed in the reaction tube. In this state, matricies are formed in pores of the porous fiber reinforced composite material through chemical vapor infiltration. The large number of floating particles prevent an adhesion between the surface of the porous fiber reinforced composite material and blocking with soot, while preventing the pores from blocking with soot.

Abstract: An electronic component is molded into a resin seal by first compressing a resin tablet to increase its density by removing air contained in the tablet. The compressed or molded resin tablet is supplied into a pot (3) wherein the tablet is melted by heat. The melted resin is injected under pressure into cavities (5a, 5b) through a transfer path (9), whereby electronic components (10) set in these cavities (5a, 5b) are seal molded. This method substantially prevents air from being mixed into the melted resin and also avoids the formation of a void within and on the surface of a resin sealed molding of the electronic components (10) encapsulated in the resin.

Abstract: A seat cushion section with a fiber core is elastically deformable and combined with a plastically deformable shock absorber seat section to form a seat structure, for example for an aircraft passenger seat. The fiber core of the cushion section has fibers therein which are substantially continuous or uninterrupted within the core volume because each fiber has only two ends and extends otherwise uninterrupted throughout the core volume between these two ends so that any pin effect of fiber ends sticking out of the cushion is minimized. The shock absorber seat section includes plastically deformable elements, such as honeycomb cells, for protecting a passenger during a crash.

Abstract: A ceramics composite material containing crystallized glass as the matrix and fibers or whiskers of ceramics as a reinforcement material, is obtained by melting original glass to form crystallized glass, compounding the same with fibers or whiskers of oxide ceramics and thereafter crystallizing the original glass. This ceramics composite material does not form any voids and can easily contain at least 50 volume percent of the reinforcement material, whereby a good mechanical strength and fracture toughness are achieved. In the compounding step, the content of the reinforcement can be further increased by forcing out any excess part of the original glass from the reinforcement material by applying pressure to a substance obtained by mixing the original glass with the reinforcement. Further, the ceramics composite material can be efficiently formed into a desired configuration by heating because the original glass flows viscously.

Abstract: A protective shield for a hammer-crusher rotor protects at least the circumferential surfaces of disks attached to and rotating with a rotor shaft. In the spacing between neighboring disks, at least one hammer is tiltably or pivotally supported on an axle rod extending at a radial spacing from the shaft through the disks. Each protective shield is formed by at least one filler body made of an especially wear resistant material. The filler bodies are arranged and secured in the free space between neighboring disks where the hammers are not located. In its installed position, each filler body has a radially outwardly facing wear resistant surface having an axial width substantially the same as or slightly wider than the axial gap width of the respective spacing. The radially outer surface of the filler bodies is approximately flush with or concentric to a circumferential outer surface of the neighboring disks.

Abstract: A cermet alloy and a drill formed of the cermet alloy include hard dispersed phases and binder metal phases. The hard dispersed phases include a metal atom group containing titanium and a nonmetal atom group containing nitrogen. The amount of titanium contained in the metal atom group is at least 0.5 and not more than 0.95 as an atomic ratio. The amount of nitrogen contained in the nonmetal atom group is at least 0.1 and not more than 0.7 as an atomic ratio. The hard dispersed phases further include a fine grained portion having a mean grain size of at least 0.2 .mu.m and not more than 0.6 .mu.m and a coarse grained portion having a mean grain size of at least 1 .mu.m and not more than 3 .mu.m. The volume ratio of the fine grained portion to the course grained portion is at least 0.3 and not more than 3. The proportion of the binder metal phases contained in the cermet is at least 5 percent by weight and not more than 30 percent by weight.

Abstract: The reliability of a tamper resistant module for safeguarding stored information, e.g. in an electronic computer system, is improved to deny access to the system by an unauthorized person or at least to a specific portion of the system. For this purpose, the module has for example a pair of substrates which are bonded together to confine confidential data inside the module. On the outer surfaces of the substrates, a plurality of logical elements, such as transistors, form detecting memory devices. The plurality of these detecting memory devices are operative under a normal condition, but at least one of these detecting memory devices is rendered inoperative when a tampering is applied to the outer surface of the substrate. In a tamper free normal situation all memory devices work properly. The inoperability of any of the detecting memory devices is detected when tampering occurs. When the tamper is detected, the confidential data confined within the module are erased.

Abstract: In a liver function testing apparatus, light sources (11, 12) expose vital tissue (15) to first light of a wavelength absorbed by the specific dye dosed into blood of the vital tissue to be taken in and removed by the liver and second light of a wavelength not absorbed by the dye. Optical pulses passing through the vital tissue are received by a light receiving element (13) and first and second outputs from element (13) are sampled by an A-D converter (30) to produce respective digital signals. Pulsation components of the outputs of the receiving light are detected by high-pass filters (51, 52) and amplifiers (53, 54). A coefficient of a linear regression expression between intensity values of the pulsation components and an average value using the sampled first and second outputs of the received light are determined for performing a biocalibration.