Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing lower fatty acid esters of cellulose which comprises esterifying at a temperature of between about 75.degree. C. and about 110.degree. C. a cellulose compound having esterifiable hydroxyl groups with an esterifying bath comprising an organic acid anhydride, a diluent, and from about 0.3% to about 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of cellulose, of a catalyst selected from p-toluene sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid, methane disulfonic acid or m-benzene disulfonic acid.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, 17.alpha.-hydroxy-20-ketosteroids are prepared by the oxidation of 20-ketosteriods, such as 3-methoxy-pregna-3,5-dien-20-one. The 3-methoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one is prepared from progesterone by methods well known in the art. The pregn-20-ones, such as 3-methoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one, are oxidized with oxygen or air using a base catalyst in the presence of a phosphite reducing agent in a suitable solvent. The base catalyst consists of an alkali metal tert-alkoxide, which can be prepared from an alkali metal and a tert-alkanol. The oxidation reaction can be carried out at any temperature from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. and for a period of 2-20 hours depending on the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. For example, at ambient temperature the rate of oxidation is sufficiently fast to complete the oxidation in 2 to 4 hours. This method for preparing 17.alpha.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-fermentation process for placing unsaturation at the 9,11 position in a steroidal compound. Also, the present invention provides a process whereby the modified steroidal compound can be separated from the reaction mixture without the use of chromatography. More specifically, the present invention provides a process whereby a steroid compound such as 17-.alpha.-hydroxy-progesterone is reacted to form the meta iodoaryl benzoate. The iodoarylbenzoate is then irradiated with visible light in the presence of an alkyl-m-iodobenzoate dichloride to form the 9.alpha.-chloro steroid derivative. The chlorinated steroid derivative can then be hydrolized to provide a 9.alpha.-chloro steroidal alcohol and m-iodobenzoic acid. The m-iodobenzoic acid is extracted by the use of an aqueous base.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the homologation of alkanols to obtain the next higher alkanol homolog by the cobalt-catalyzed reaction of an alkanol reactant with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under homologation conditions. The improvement comprises carrying out the homologation process in the presence of a perfluorocarboxylate anion.

Abstract: Device for connection to the outlet end of a gas jet tow puddler for puddling filamentary tow into a container, the device having a downwardly sloped gas-impervious plate positioned downstream from the gaseous jet outlet and against which filamentary tow impinges, becomes slowed and then cascades downwardly therealong; and a gas-impervious cylindrical shell opposed to and spaced from the exit end of the downwardly sloped plate and against which the filamentary tow travels from the downwardly sloped plate for subsequent slowing and movement therealong and then dropping from the cylindrical shell into the container below.

Abstract: Copolyester adhesives are disclosed which are derived from at least 40 mol percent terephthalic acid, up to about 60 mol percent of another dicarboxylic acid selected from isophthalic, succinic, adipic, and glutaric, and a blend of 1,6-hexanediol and diethylene glycol.These copolyesters are useful as adhesives, and especially as fusible interlining adhesives.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesterethers that can be formed into bottles, tubing, film and the like having improved clarity. The copolyetheresters have an inherent viscosity of from 0.8 to about 2.0 and compriseA. a dicarboxylic acid component consisting essentially of terephthalic acid and an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic acid, andB. a diol component comprising(1) at least 70 mole percent 1,4-butanediol, and(2) from about 10 to about 60 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyetherester, of polypropyleneether glycol having a molecular weight of 1700 to 2400.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising blends of (a) a polyester having an inherent viscosity of about 0.4-1.5, (b) about 5 to about 35 weight %, based on the weight of the composition, of polyethylene having a melt index of about 0.1-15.0 and a density of about 0.910-0.965, and (c) about 0.25 to about 5 weight %, based on the weight of the composition, of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate)-co-2-butene-1,4-diol having an inherent viscosity of 0.9 to 1.5 grafted with a low density polyethylene. These compositions are especially useful as molding compositions because of their high impact strength.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a simple process for converting sterol i-methyl ethers to sterols. More particularly, the invention is directed to a process for converting sterol i-methyl esters to the corresponding sterols by refluxing the sterol i-methyl ethers in aqueous acetic acid to provide conversion to sterols at high yields. This provides a simple process for converting sterol i-methyl ethers to sterols which can be important for preparing valuable steroids such as the corticosteroids.

Abstract: The invention relates to heterocyclic ester compounds which have been found to be extremely effective ultraviolet stabilizers. The invention also relates to ultraviolet degradable organic compositions containing an amount of a heterocyclic ester composition to prevent such degradation. These stabilizers are effective in the presence of other additives commonly employed in polymeric compositions including, for example, pigments, colorants, fillers, reinforcing agents and the like. These ultraviolet stabilizers may also be incorporated into the organic compositions such as polymers by adding to the polymer melt or dissolved in the polymer dope, coated on the exterior of the shaped or molded article, film or extruded fiber.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, 21-lower alkoxyoxalylprogesterone is prepared in high yield by the lower alkoxyoxalylation of 3-methoxypregna-3,5-diene-20-one. The 3-methoxypregna-3,5-diene-20-one is prepared from progesterone by methods well known in the art. The 3-methoxypregna-3,5-diene-20-one is lower alkoxyoxalylated with an alkoxide base and the corresponding lower alkyloxalate in a suitable solvent. The alkoxide base consists of a lower alkoxide with an alkali metal counter ion. The lower alkyl group of both the alkoxide and oxalate should be the same and also are the same as the group to be added to the 21 position of the 20-keto steroid, the lower alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The lower alkoxyoxalylation reaction can be carried at any temperature below the boiling point of the solvent and for a period of 2-20 hours depending on the temperature at which the reaction is carried out.

Abstract: This invention is directed to processable cellulose esters having excellent adhesion to metal substrates and weatherability. These commercially useful cellulose ester compositions can be molded, extruded over metal foils, shaped and otherwise processed in a thermoplastic condition at elevated temperatures to provide products having improved ultraviolet light stability or weatherability and good color stability.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 2-amino-5-cyanothiazoles and the preparation thereof by a novel, two-step process. The cyanothiazoles have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen; straight or branched alkyl of 1-20 carbons which may be substituted with 1-3 halogens; phenyl and phenyl substituted with 1-3 halogens, straight or branched alkyl of 1-20 carbons, straight or branched alkoxy of 1-20 carbons, cyano, nitro or trifluoromethyl; 2-thiophene; and .alpha.-pyridine. These compounds are useful, for example, as the diazo moiety of azo dyes prepared through diazotization and coupling with compounds such as aniline type couplers. The process for their manufacture comprises reacting in substantially anhydrous formic acid at from about 50.degree. to about 110.degree. C., hydroxylamine, preferably the salts thereof such as [NH.sub.3 OH]Cl, [NH.sub.3 OH]HSO.sub.4, [NH.sub.3 OH].sub.2 SO.sub.4, and [NH.sub.3 OH]NO.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are azo dyes suitable for coloring polyamide material, particularly nylon carpet and which are prepared from aminophthalimides and couplers which are ##STR1## substituted with a thiosulfate ester group. These dyes produce yellow to blue shades and also color cellulose acetate fabrics and wool. The dyes have the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each selected from hydrogen and a large variety of organic substituents, the coupler C is an aniline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, or benzomorpholine derivative wherein a Q-SSO.sub.3 M group is attached to the nitrogen thereof, Q being a lower alkylene or similar linking group, and M is Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, NH.sub.4.sup.+, or H.sup.+. The present dyes are superior in such properties as fastness to light, oxides of nitrogen, wash, ozone, sublimation, perspiration and crock, and exhibit good dyeability including migration, leveling, pH stability, and build.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for determining the deviation of an image from a predetermined position on a kinescope screen. This method and apparatus is useful, for example, in centering an image on the screen. The scan lines of the kinescope are divided into a series of pulses. The pulses within the image on each side of a reference line or X-Y coordinate system are counted and compared. The ratio of the pulses is an indication of the area of the image on each side, and suitable adjustments may be made in the position of the image to center it with respect to the reference line.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for treating a viscous polymer solution prior to being introduced into a spinnerette for producing fibers. The treatment comprises:(a) introducing a volatile viscosity reducing agent into the solution to render the solution suitable for centrifuging,(b) passing the solution of reduced viscosity through a centrifuge wherein gels are centrifugally separated from the solution,(c) evaporating volatile viscosity reducing agent from the solution to render it suitable for spinning,(d) condensing the viscosity reducing agent and capturing the heat of condensation, and(e) using the heat from step (d) as at least a part of the heat required for evaporating the viscosity reducing agent.

Abstract: Sizing compositions comprising a terpolymer derived from(a) about 50 to about 70% by weight of at least one lower alkyl acrylate,(b) about 20 to about 40% by weight of at least one lower alkyl methacrylate, and(c) about 10% by weight acrylic acid or salt thereof.Such sizing compositions are especially useful when applied as a hot melt to a variety of filaments, yarns, fabrics, etc.

Abstract: In the present invention aliphatic aldehydes are condensed to form .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes by use of a heterogeneous catalyst. Such process uses an anatase titanium dioxide catalyst in a fixed bed process under mild temperature conditions to yield high conversions and high yields, and which also eliminates the catalyst removal steps required by conventional processes.

Abstract: Disclosed are disperse dyes for the dyeing of synthetic fibers such as cellulose acetate, triacetate, polyamide and especially polyester and its blends, which have the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and are selected, for example, from hydrogen, aryl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by Cl, CN, OC.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, aryl, ##STR2## NHCONHPh, OCONHPh, phthalimido, succinimido or mercaptobenzthiazolyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may form a 5- or 6-membered ring with the ##STR3## which ring may or may not contain a S, N, or O atom; R.sub.3 is H, Cl, Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may form a 5 or 6 membered ring preferably substituted by 1-3 methyl groups; R.sub.4 is H, Cl, Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; and R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst composition and a method of preparing lower fatty acid esters of cellulose which comprises esterifying at a temperature of between about 75.degree. C. and about 110.degree. C. a cellulose compound having esterifiable hydroxyl groups with an esterifying bath comprising an organic acid anhydride, a diluent, and a catalyst comprising from about 25 to about 75% by weight sulfuric acid and about 75 to about 25% by weight phosphoric acid, the catalyst being used in amounts of from about 0.3 to about 0.8% by weight based on the weight of cellulose.