Abstract: A method for communication includes coupling a group of switches in a Layer-2 bridged network. The interfaces of the switches are configured so that at least one interface of at least one of the switches is configured as a first interface type, and a plurality of other interfaces are configured as a second interface type. Upon receiving frames through the interfaces of the first and second types for transmission over the network, the received frames are labeled with corresponding first and second type indications. The frames are forwarded through the Layer-2 bridged network using the switches responsively to the type indications. Frames labeled with the second type indication are permitted to be transmitted through the interfaces of the first type and prevented from being transmitted through the interfaces of the second type.

Abstract: A circuit for providing an improved “feed forward” zero in a feedback loop such that the zero has a frequency dependent on the transconductance (gm) of a common gate transistor, and pole and zero separation that is dependent on a multiple of the gm. The circuit includes an error amplifier and a compensation circuit. The compensation circuit provides a first feedback current and a second feedback current. The error amplifier receives a reference signal and a feedback signal. The feedback signal is provided by summing the first feedback current and the second feedback current.

Abstract: The inventors have discovered that the disodium salt of certain delivery agents has surprisingly greater efficacy for delivering active agents than the corresponding monosodium salt. Furthermore, the inventors have discovered that the disodium salts of these delivery agents form solvates with ethanol and hydrates with water. The delivery agents have the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1-C4 alkoxy; and R5 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C16 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C16 alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl(arylene), or substituted or unsubstituted aryl(C1-C12 alkylene). The hydrates and solvates of present invention also have surprisingly greater efficacy for delivering active agents, such as heparin and calcitonin, than their corresponding monosodium salts and free acids. The present invention provides an alcohol solvate, such as ethanol solvate, of a disodium salt of a delivery agent of the formula above.

Abstract: The invention provides stable, solid dosage forms and pharmaceutical compositions in particulate form comprising a fibrate, for example fenofibrate, dissolved in an non-aqueous vehicle in order to ensure improved bioavailability of the active ingredient upon oral administration relative to known fibrate formulations.

Abstract: A substrate storage container includes a container body for accommodating and aligning semiconductor wafers, a door which opens and closes the front of the container body and a pair of valve units disposed at the bottom of the container body for controlling gas flow. Each valve unit includes a fixed sleeve for gas flow, fitted in a rib of a through-hole of the container body, a holding sleeve fitted in the through-hole of the container body with an o-ring interposed therebetween and mated and threaded with the fixed sleeve, a check valve built between the fixed sleeve and the holding sleeve, leaving a clearance, an elastically deformable element for opening and closing the check valve, an interior lid sleeve for gas flow, opposing the check valve and supporting the elastically deformable element, and a filter interposed between the holding sleeve and the interior lid sleeve.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes at least one light source, an acousto-optical element, a beam deflection device and a beam guiding device. The at least one light source generates an illuminating light beam. The acousto-optical element spatially splits a sub-light beam from the illuminating light beam and adjusts an optical power of the illuminating light beam. The beam deflection device scans the illuminating light beam over or through a sample. The beam guiding device directs the sub-light beam onto the sample.

Abstract: A field effect transistor in which at least one vertically arranged semiconductor column, with a diameter in the nanometer range, is located between a source and a contact and has an annular surround of a gate contact with retention of an insulation gap. A simplified production method is disclosed and the transistor produced thus is embodied such that the semiconductor columns are embedded in a first and a second insulation layer, between which a metal layer, running to the outside as a gate contact, is arranged, the ends of which, extending upwards through the second insulation layer, are partly converted into an insulator, or removed and replaced by an insulation material.

Abstract: A surge protector coated with an oxide layer having an excellent chemical stability at the high temperature range and excellent adherence with respect to main discharge electrodes. The surge protector includes a column-shaped ceramic member that has a conductive film divided by a discharge gap interposed therebetween; a pair of main discharge electrode members opposite to each other on both ends of the column-shaped ceramic member to come in contact with the conductive film; and a cylindrical ceramic tube which is fitted to the pair of main discharge electrode members opposite to each other to seal both the column-shaped ceramic member and sealing gas inside thereof. Oxide films are formed on main discharge surfaces of at least the protrusive supporting portions of the pair of main discharge electrode members opposite to each other, by performing an oxidation treatment, respectively.

Abstract: A class D amplifier is provided. The class D amplifier includes an interpolator, a sampling rate converter, a pulse width modulator, a sigma-delta modulator, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) pulse generator (PPG). The sampling rate converter interpolates the output of the interpolator such that the sampling rate converter up-samples the interpolator output by a factor that is greater than one and less than two. The pulse width modulator outputs a multi-bit digital signal. The sigma-delta modulator performs sigma-delta modulation on the pulse width modulator output, the order of the sigma-delta modulation is programmable, and the output of the sigma-delta modulator is a multi-bit, digital signal. At least one of the orders to which the sigma-delta modulator can be programmed is greater than two. The PPG provides a pulse signal such that the width of each pulse is based on the value of the sigma-delta modulator output.

Abstract: A device for driving boreholes in the ground, having a rotationally driven main shaft with a shaft journal whose axis (B) forms an acute angle with respect to the axis (A) of the main shaft. A drill head is mounted such that it can rotate about the axis (B) of the shaft journal and has a circumferential region which runs on a complementary circumferential region, wherein the complementary circumferential region can be set rotating.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for implementing link state passing-through in network, for informing the peer of link fault, including: the service device detecting whether there is a link fault in the network; in case of link fault, the service device transferring link fault information to peer service device with a control frame; in response to the control frame containing link fault information, the peer service device disconnecting the user's link and performing corresponding processes; the user at the faulty peer communicating with peer user through the spare network; when the link recovers to normal, the service device at the recovery peer sending a control frame containing link fault recovery information to peer service device to reestablish communication between the users on the link. The invention is capable of reducing extra overhead under normal network conditions as much as possible.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds, compositions, and methods of using the same comprising a chemical moiety covalently attached to amphetamine. These compounds and compositions are useful for reducing or preventing abuse and overdose of amphetamine. These compounds and compositions find particular use in providing an abuse-resistant alternative treatment for certain disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADD, narcolepsy, and obesity. Oral bioavailability of amphetamine is maintained at therapeutically useful doses. At higher doses bioavailability is substantially reduced, thereby providing a method of reducing oral abuse liability. Further, compounds and compositions of the invention decrease the bioavailability of amphetamine by parenteral routes, such as intravenous or intranasal administration, further limiting their abuse liability.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method are directed to managing multiple back-end connections for pipelined HTTP communications. A traffic management device is configured to open back-end connections to multiple servers. The traffic management device distributes HTTP requests from a client device across multiple server connections. Instead of buffering the responses to ensure that each are returned in a same order as the requests, the traffic management device throttles a TCP receive window between all of the back-end server connections, but that back-end server connection associated with a first expected response. As each response is sent to the client device, the TCP window for the next back-end server connection is opened. This effectively offloads any significant buffering onto the back-end servers, enabling the traffic management device to return the responses in the same order as the requests.

Abstract: A method of detecting an error in a measurement cycle. The method includes wirelessly transmitting a sequence of electrical signals sweeping through a predetermined frequency band from a transmitter to the receiver of an electric evaluation circuit of household appliance controller. The levels of the signals are measured, and a parameter is calculated from the signal levels in the evaluation circuit. The parameter is compared to an upper and lower limit, and the quality of the measurement cycle is determined as a function of the comparison.

Abstract: A blade for a turbo machine has a blade section and a shroud element terminating the blade section in the blade section longitudinal direction. The blade section has a suction face and a pressure face. The shroud element extends essentially at right angles to the blade section longitudinal direction and has a first platform section projecting beyond the blade section and a second platform section projecting beyond the blade section. The platform sections are asymmetric with respect to one another. At least the first platform section of the shroud element is arranged at an additional inclination angle with respect to a normal alignment of the first platform section, with the additional inclination angle being in the opposite direction to the bending torque which acts on the first platform section during operation.

Abstract: Ring protector made from an elastic material and including a safety mesh. Ring protectors made according to principles of this invention protect rings from damage while at the same time keeping them on the wearers finger and avoiding slippage during active endeavors such as swimming.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool comprising: a hard substrate; a lower layer which is formed on a surface of the hard substrate, contains a composite compound consisting of at least one element selected from Ti and Al, and at least one element selected from N and C, and has an average thickness of 0.1 to 3 ?m; and an upper layer having an average thickness of 1 to 13 ?m, which is formed on the lower layer and having a texture in which fine grains of crystalline Ti (C,N) based compounds or fine grains of crystalline (Ti, Al)(C, N) based compounds are dispersively distributed in a matrix of a carbon based amorphous material containing W.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and useful galactose derivative constituting a drug carrier by which a medicine can be efficiently transferred into the liver, a drug carrier comprising the derivative, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier and a medicine. The present invention also relates to a galactose derivative made up of galactose, a suitable spacer and a certain lipid, a drug carrier comprising the derivative and a cationic lipid, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the carrier and a medicine (preferably a double-stranded RNA, a double-stranded DNA, or an oligo nucleic acid).

Abstract: Using image data on a plurality of reduced object images to calculate a shift amount in regard to the gap of relative positions between the reduced object images by a correlation calculation between the reduced object images. A conversion equation is obtained from the shift amount for geometric projection process from the object image to each of the reduced object images. Initial image data on a single object image is generated using image data on the plurality of reduced object images. The above are used to estimate images of each of the reduced object images. A difference between the estimated image of the reduced object images and the reduced object images is projected in the reverse process of the geometric projection process, updating the image data on the single object image. The processes are repeated until the difference satisfies a predetermined condition and a high resolution object image is outputted.

Abstract: Mouth adapter (1) for oral administration of a fluid mixture, comprising a generally elongate body (10) having a proximally disposed handle end (12) and a distally disposed outlet end (11); a lumen (15) provided in said body (10) adapted for receiving a syringe (2), said syringe (2) comprising a tip (24) extending from a distal end wall (23); and an outlet (16) in communication with said lumen (15) provided in said outlet end (11), wherein said outlet end (11) has a rounded, smooth and substantially rigid outer surface (50), the mouth adapter (1) being provided with stop means (40, 41, 42, 43) for preventing said tip (24) from extending from the exterior surface of the outlet end (11).