Abstract: A vapor process for mineral dyeing cotton textiles is disclosed. Cellulosic fabric is impregnated with a chromium solution, exposed to sulfur dioxide vapors, dried, cured, and washed. The result is a superior process to "pearl gray" mineral dye fabric. Chromium containing salts used in the pad bath are selected from the group consisting of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7 ; K.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 ; (NH.sub.4).sub.2 CrO.sub.4, Na.sub.2 CrO.sub.4 ; Na.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7 ; and K.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7. The pad baths contain from about 3.5% to 5.0% chromium consisting of 40 to 50 parts of a 20 to 28% sodium dichromate dihydrate solution made alkaline with 25 to 50 parts of 10 to 20% sodium hydroxide solution to attain a pH of about 9.6 to 13.0 with about 0.5 parts of wetting agent and 0-30 parts of water. A pad bath comprising about 3 parts of ammonium dichromate, 7.5 parts ammonium carbonate, 0.6 parts zirconyl ammonium carbonate and 0.

Abstract: A process by which 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (pyrithione) can be deposited in cellulosic textiles in a water-insoluble form is disclosed. A polyamine is used to keep a zinc complex of pyrithione in aqueous solution prior to and during its application to textiles; when the solution also contains urea, heating fabric impregnated with the solution converts the pyrithione complex to an insoluble material. Fabric treated by the process has high bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity, and retains antimicrobial properties after repeated laundering.

Abstract: A skyline logging system wherein a skyline cable is supported at an intermediate location by an intermediate support assembly and a logging carriage is supported on the cable and is arranged to pass over the intermediate support assembly. The carriage has inwardly tapered pulleys which ride on oppositely bevelled tracks on the top edges of an upwardly-facing channel shaped member forming part of the intermediate support assembly. The top edges have ramp-like end portions. The carriage is lifted off the cable and rides on the bevelled tracks when crossing over the intermediate support assembly. The carriage can tilt laterally relative to the intermediate support assembly while riding on the bevelled tracks because of the lateral movability of the tapered pulleys on the oppositely bevelled tracks, whereby to maintain stability during passage of the carriage over the intermediate support.

Abstract: Chemical biological agents to be encapsulated are dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous paste of a gel-forming polyhydroxy polymer. Subsequent addition of boric acid or a boric acid derivative at an alkaline pH converts the paste into a gel, thereby entrapping the agents in a protective matrix. Encapsulation of biologically active compositions provides a shield against hostile environments, improves safety in handling, and slows the release of such compounds to the surrounding medium. Highly volatile liquids are protected against losses by evaporation. Encapsulation also provides protection against decomposition from exposure to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to control temperature and humidity in drying a material, for example green lumber, including a chamber to receive the lumber in stacked relation with air flow space between individual lumber pieces, a refrigeration system having a refrigerant compressor, evaporator and condenser where the condenser is disposed within the chamber, blower means to circulate air from the condenser over and through a stack of lumber, conduit means to communicate with the chamber for emission of air passing over the stack of lumber where the evaporator means is disposed to selectively receive the air flowing to the first conduit, solar cell means to receive radiant heat and having an inlet communicating with the first conduit and an outlet communicating with the chamber, third chamber means communicating with the first conduit and the chamber, damper means to selectively proportion air from the first conduit to the second and third conduits, controller means responsive to the temperature of the chamber to ope

Abstract: A comminuting apparatus for reducing trees or portions thereof to particles of engineered length especially suitable for ring flaking for subsequent use in flakeboard fabrication and for use by utilities and industries using wood for energy production. The apparatus utilizes one or two rotating discs to which one on a plurality of curved cutting members are mounted and which severs trees, tree portions or other fibrous masses fed at right angles to a rotating shaft member. By the precise design of cutting members mounted on the rotating disc or discs, wood particles of engineered length are produced.

Abstract: Methods of treating fresh animal hides and skins with compositions containing butyl carbitol and other compounds have been found to preserve the hides and skins.

Abstract: A method of raising the temperature of a liquid containing heat coagulable proteins above the coagulation temperature of the proteins to coagulate them using a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heat source to the liquid without contact between the liquid containing the uncoagulated heat coagulable protein and the heat exchanging surface is described.

Abstract: The outer waxy, cutin-containing layer is removed from papaya by freeze-drying the fruit to separate the layer from the underlying fruit and then mechanically removing the so-separated layer.

Abstract: Pulp mill bleach plant caustic extraction effluent is decolorized using a primary or other sludge from a pulp and paper mill. The sludge is acidified and mixed with the effluent. After a short incubation period, the mixture of acidified sludge and effluent is raised to at least neutral pH, causing precipitation of most of the color in the effluent. The precipitated color may then easily be separated from the liquor by any conventional clarification technique. The method avoids the consumption of large quantities of expensive reagents or high transportation costs associated with the prior art decolorization techniques used on such effluent.

Abstract: Trichogramma are reared in vitro on an artificial membrane having a curvilinear surface region, the outer convex surface of which is adapted to induce oviposition by the adult wasps, and the inner concave surface of which defines a cavity adapted for recovery of the oviposited eggs.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically dumping a hatchery tray is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a lifting platform suitably fitted with a tray sensing limit switch to control a double acting air cylinder which lifts the hatchery tray on the platform up and through a 100.degree. arc past vertical onto the open top of a hopper which receives the waste from the tray. Initial spring loaded starting and stopping devices are included as well as kick-off-arms to remove the hatchery tray from the hopper after dumping.

Abstract: A novel group of maytansinoid compounds has been discovered in the seed tissue of Trewia nudiflora. They are represented by the general formula ##STR1## and are uniquely characterized by a 12-membered ring joining C-3 and the amide nitrogen at C-18, and also by a distinguishing methoxy group on the C-15 carbon. These isolates have proven to be effective in causing the remission of one or more types of malignancies.

Abstract: A process for darkening wood and thereby enhancing its surface characteristics is disclosed wherein wet wood is dried to about 6 percent moisture content in steam generated from the wood itself at temperatures from 215.degree. to 320.degree. F. and pressures from 15 to 40 psi whereby the wood is darkened through its thickness and thereby making the differentiation between earlywood and latewood in the wood more clearly observable than in wood not processed by this method and, thus, improves the wood grain quality.

Abstract: A number of novel carboxamides have been found to be useful insect repellents.

Abstract: Aryl esters and thioesters of indole-3-alkanoic acids, such as indole-3-acetaic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, are prepared by chemical reaction of the acid with a phenol, substituted phenol, or thiophenol in a tertiary amine solvent. A phosphorus or sulfur halide in a suitable solvent is added dropwise to the cold amine solution. The reaction produced is separated and purified by standard methods. Phenyl-indole-3-thiolobutyrate as well as other aryl esters of indole-3-alkanoic acids is effective as an auxin plant growth regulator and adventitious root initiator.

Abstract: A new tanning agent, isophorone dicarbamoylsulfonate, is provided for tanning cattle hides and sheepskins. A white leather which does not discolor with exposure to sunlight and which has good fill and tensile strength is produced. The tanning agent is also effective for retanning slack chrome-tanned and zirconium-tanned cattle hides and sheepskins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting cellulose to amino acids by radiofrequency plasma of nitrogen and hydrogen gases. Cellulose is placed between the electrodes in a radiofrequency plasma reaction chamber which is sealed and maintained at a reduced pressure. Hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is bled through the chamber and sufficient radiofrequency electric current applied until the cellulose is consumed, thereby producing a mixture of amino acids. The cellulose can be either cotton or wood derivatives.

Abstract: Aryl esters and substituted aryl esters of indole-3-alkanoic acids, such as indole-3-acetic and indole-3-butyric acids, are prepared by a chemical reaction mixture of the acid, a phenol, thiophenol or substituted phenol, a halogenated alkylpyridinium salt, and a tertiary amine in an organic solvent, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and isolating and purifying the product by standard procedures. An aryl amine or substituted aryl amine is substituted for phenol in the reaction mixture when the N-phenyl or N-substituted phenyl indolyl-3-acetamide or butyramide is the desired product. N-phenyl or N-substituted phenyl indolyl-3-acetamides are particularly effective as auxin plant growth regulators and adventitions root initiators.

Abstract: A novel Bacillus isolated from the soil is unique in its capacity to produce xanthanase, and is especially productive of the enzyme when cultured in the presence of other soil organisms. Both crude and purified xanthanases recovered from the fermentation broth effectively degrade xanthan gum. Moreover, tolerance of the Bacillus to sodium chloride levels as high as about 4%, render it useful for the in situ degradation of the heteropolysaccharide in petroleum recovery fluids and other thickened industrial brines.