Abstract: A safety closure is disclosed for use with a container having a threaded neck. The closure includes an inner cap with a plurality of teeth on its top wall and internal threads for cooperatively engaging with the threaded neck of the container. The closure also includes a sheet metal overcap which overlies and is loosely mounted on the inner cap. The overcap has a plurality of louvers in its top wall which are adapted for cooperative engagement with the teeth of the inner cap. Each of the louvers of the overcap includes a flange portion which projects downwardly at an angle from the top wall of the overcap to a terminal edge defined by a slit in the top wall. An integral supporting arch portion connects each side of the flange portion to the top wall between the terminal edge and the junction of the flange portion and the top wall.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for burning a pulverized carbonaceous material containing sulfur and ash. According to this method, a slurry is formed containing the carbonaceous material, water and a reagent adapted to react during combustion with the sulfur in the material. The slurry is burned in a first stage with less than 100% theoretical air and preferably at a temperature below about 1100.degree. C. The products of combustion from the first stage are removed to a second stage and burned with additional air.

Abstract: A solar heating panel is disclosed which is formed from two corrugated plastic sheets joined face-to-face to form multiple passageways therethrough for flow of a fluid medium. Each of the components is generally rectangular with the corrugations having diverging sidewall portions spaced by transverse wall portions and with the sidewall portions of opposing components in parallel overlapping and contacting relation and the transverse wall portions spaced apart and forming passageways therebetween.

Abstract: An additive vial for transferring a liquid medicament into an evacuated container is disclosed comprising a liquid medicament storage container having a neck terminating at a generally flat-rimmed bead defining a mouth opening in the container. Closing the mouth of the container is a rigid disc, having a hollow, generally cylindrical piercing member extending outwardly from a central location of the disc terminating in a needle point. An elastic sealing means is provided around and contiguous an outer portion of the container rim. The sealing means also overlies an outer peripheral portion of the exterior surface of the disc with respect to the exterior of the container. A penetrable tip is provided over the needle point of the piercing member, and a removable, outwardly projecting cylindrical portion of a closure extends over and around the tip covering the needle point.

Abstract: A method of sealing containers is disclosed in which a glass jar having a small upwardly convex bead on its rim is filled and sealed using a metal foil membrane with a heat seal resin on its undersurface and a plastic snap cap having a material thickness over the bead on the jar of at least twice the height of the bead. The foil membrane is induction heated while high unit pressure is applied against the top of the snap cap to impress the bead on the jar and foil membrane into the plastic of the cap to form the foil membrane over the convex surface on the bead and seal the membrane to the jar.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing for operation a cell, having an outer shell and an inner lining, which is employed to produce metal by electrolysis of a compound of the metal in a molten production bath. The method includes placing in the cell an initial bath having a solidus temperature higher than the solidus temperature of the production bath, and higher than the temperature maintained on the inside surface of the shell. Because of this higher solidus temperature, a freeze-line barrier for the initial bath is established within the lining of the cell. Subsequently, electrolysis is carried out in the production bath.

Abstract: An improved lining for an electrolytic furnace for producing aluminum is disclosed having sufficient thickness that heat flow therethrough is such that an insulative coating provided on the inside surface of a perimetric metal shell around the electrolytic furnace is not exposed to temperatures above an upper temperature limit at which the coating is impenetrable by molten salt. Such improved lining includes an inner layer of high-fired refractory, penetrable by the molten salt and resistant to chemical corrosion by such penetration. The inner layer is of sufficient thickness that a salt freeze line is located therein. Within the inner layer and outside the freeze line is a layer of material impenetrable by molten aluminum. In at least the bottom portion of the furnace and outside the inner layer is at least one layer of glass refractory impermeable to the molten salt.

Abstract: Waste gases containing 15% or less vaporized chlorides are processed to recover chlorine values as HCl by filtration of particulate material followed by the adsorption of metal chlorides on carbon beds and subsequent hydrolyzing of the metal chlorides at a temperature of 100.degree.-150.degree. C. to form metal oxides and HCl. The remaining gases such as COCl.sub.2 are further hydrolyzed to recover aqueous HCl and then the gases are scrubbed and finally incinerated to provide a discharge to the atmosphere containing CO.sub.2, N.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, O.sub.2 and about 5ppm HCl.

Abstract: A low soda pseudoboehmite gel is provided by reacting a NaAlO.sub.2 solution with a NaHCO.sub.3 solution having a concentration of less than 75 grams/liter and preferably less than 50 grams/liter. The soda content of the resulting AlO(OH) gel can be further lowered by repeated washing and/or redispersing (repulping) in water and/or further neutralization with a carboxylic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preheating a molten salt electrolysis cell having an electrode which includes at least one element protruding into the interior of the cell. The method disclosed includes the distribution of a carbonaceous aggregate around such an element, and the ignition of this aggregate, so that the element may be brought to an elevated temperature without breaking due to the effects of thermal gradients.

Abstract: High-purity coal useful in the production of high-purity carbon is produced by treating coal to remove the impurities therein. The coal, which may be subject to conventional pretreatment processes such as beneficiation processes or the like, digested in a caustic solution to solubilize certain of the impurities in the coal and to chemically react with other impurities to form acid soluble products. The digested coal is then filtered to separate the partially purified coal from the caustic and soluble impurities dissolved therein. The coal is then treated with a mineral acid to dissolve the acid soluble products contained in the coal. Finally, the coal is subjected to a nitric acid treatment to remove metal sulfides. The resultant high-purity carbon contains less than 0.1% by weight ash or metal sulfides.

Abstract: A method for feeding a subliming material into a liquid is disclosed, by which the end of a pipe is submerged below the surface of the liquid, and a subliming, particulate material is propelled through the pipe and into the liquid by a flow of gas. The flow rate of the entraining gas is sufficient to prevent the formation of deposits on the interior walls of the pipe by countercurrent gaseous diffusion of the subliming material.

Abstract: A method of sealing containers is disclosed in which a glass jar having a small upwardly convex bead on its rim is filled and sealed using a metal foil membrane with a heat seal resin on its undersurface and a plastic snap cap having a material thickness over the bead on the jar of at least twice the height of the bead. The foil membrane is induction heated while high unit pressure is applied against the top of the snap cap to impress the bead on the jar and foil membrane into the plastic of the cap to form the foil membrane over the convex surface on the bead and seal the membrane to the jar.

Abstract: A closure assembly is disclosed which includes a plastic sealing ring having an annular channel in it for receiving and sealing against the entrance mouth of a container, a metal foil liner spanning the sealing ring and a flexible plastic overcap which receives the sealing ring and foil liner therein. The foil liner has a heat seal coating on one or both faces for sealing to the sealing ring and, in some packages, to the plastic overcap. The three-piece closure assembly is positioned on the entrance mouth of a container and the foil liner is induction heated to soften the heat seal coating thereon to seal the liner to the sealing ring. Induction heating may also be employed to adhesively join the foil liner to the undersurface of the overcap and seal the sealing ring to a foil layer in the container body.