Abstract: Economical, open-celled packaging foams of better quality than foams from commercial aromatic polyester polyols may be prepared with a novel polyol blend. The most important component in the polyol blend is an aromatic polyester polyol made from dibasic acid waste streams and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. This type of polyol made from waste or recycled reactant streams is economical to make and serves as an inexpensive substitute for a portion of more expensive amino polyols normally used.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing ester functionalities suitable for use as polyol extenders in rigid foams prepared by reacting dibasic acid residues with an alkylene glycol residue, the reaction product of which is reacted with recycled polyethylene terephthalate are described. Surprisingly, the process is non-catalytic. These novel polyols may be blended with conventional polyols to yield excellent rigid foams, thus serving as useful polyol extenders.

Abstract: The selective production of monoalkanolamines from alkylene oxides and ammonia over acidic inorganic catalysts such as acidic silica-aluminas, natural zeolites, acid clays and others is described. These catalysts have the advantage of providing good selectivity to the monoalkanolamine together with high alkylene oxide conversion and anhydrous operation which lowers operating costs. The catalysts are also relatively low cost and have high relative heat stability.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane acetates from olefins in the presence of a catalyst containing a rare earth oxide, oxygen and a carboxylate ion source via oxidative esterification is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkane diacetates and hydroxy acetates are produced which may be used as precursors to alkylene oxides, alkylene glycols and other useful compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane acetates from olefins in the presence of an ammonium borate catalyst, oxygen and a carboxylate ion source via oxidative esterification is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 80.degree. to 280.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkane diacetates and hydroxy acetates are produced which may be used as precursors to alkylene oxides, alkylene glycols and other useful compounds.

Abstract: High-resilience polyurethane foams made from polyols which are alkylene oxide adducts of alkylenediamines have been found to have surprisingly improved resistance to shrinkage. These foams have particular utility as seating support because they can be molded with good processing characteristics yet contain open cells and resist shrinkage. It is preferred that the polyols used be based on ethylenediamine.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane acetates from olefins in the presence of an oxide/borate catalyst system, oxygen and a carboxylate ion source via oxidative esterification is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkane diacetates and hydroxy acetates are produced which may be used as precursors to alkylene oxides, alkylene glycols and other useful compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane acetates from olefins in the presence of an alkali metal borate catalyst, oxygen and a carboxylate ion source via oxidative esterification is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 280.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkane diacetates and hydroxy acetates are produced which may be used as precursors to alkylene oxides, alkylene glycols and other useful compounds.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkane acetates from olefins in the presence of an alkali earth metal borate catalyst, oxygen and a carboxylate ion source via oxidative esterification is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. to 280.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkane diacetates and hydroxy acetates are produced which may be used as precursors to alkylene oxides, alkylene glycols and other useful compounds.

Abstract: A polyester polymer polyol made by the reaction of a polyester polycarbonate, a polyether polyol and an organic polyisocyanate is described. The polyester polycarbonate may have a molecular weight of about 250 to 1,000. The polyether polyol may have a molecular weight of about 3,000 to 8,000. This polyester polymer polyol may be used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams which are characterized by good load bearing properties as well as good water absorption and retention properties. Foams made from these polymer polyols show a lesser tendency to yellow than those made from prior art polyols and polymer polyols.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are polyamine salts prepared by contacting poly(ethyleneimines) with organic or inorganic acids. The polyamines have a molecular weight of at least 1,000. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: A method for making a high strength composite of a reinforcing mat impregnated with reaction injection molded (RIM) polyurethane elastomer is disclosed. The method comprises placing the reinforcing mat in a mold cavity and injecting into the mold cavity a formulation capable of forming a reaction injection molded polyurethane elastomer comprising a polyol of above about 500 equivalent weight, a chain extending agent, a delayed action catalyst and a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A mixture of predominantly low molecular weight alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present. Preferably, the olefin mixture is made up of greater than 50 weight weight percent of at least one low molecular weight alpha olefin having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and less than 50 weight percent of at least one higher molecular weight alpha olefin having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of synthetic lubricant additives from internal olefins is described. The process utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used almost exclusively in the method of this invention.

Abstract: The alkylene oxide adduct of bis(aminoethyl)ether may be reacted with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation catalyst to produce new compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R" is methyl or ##STR2## These compounds show unexpectedly high efficiency as polyurethane catalysts. Fewer equivalents of this amine are required to produce foams having the same reaction profile as foams made with piror art amine catalysts.

Abstract: Novel feedstocks for the production of synthetic lubricant base oils are described. The feedstock is a blend of internal and alpha olefins with the internal olefins comprising more than 50 but less than 99 weight percent of the blend. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. The olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a promoter. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkylene oxides from olefins in the presence of transition metal borate catalysts, oxygen and a non-polar, aromatic organic solvent via one-step, direct oxidation is described. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of 80.degree. to 280.degree. C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere or greater. Alkylene oxides have a variety of uses such as in polyols for urethane foams, the production of alkylene glycols, surfactants and detergents, alkanolamines, fumigants, synthetic lubricants and elastomers.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of a synthetic lubricant component or a mixture of a synthetic lubricant component and a hydrocarbon mineral base oil and a minor portion of various additive components is described. The synthetic lubricant component is manufactured from internal olefins.The process for making the synthetic lubricant component utilizes boron trifluoride catalysis with a promoter to produce oligomer mixtures that have surprisingly low viscosities at low temperatures and surprisingly high viscosity indexes as compared with the oligomers found in other methods. It is important that internal olefins be used predominantly to make the oligomers. Alpha olefins make up the balance of the olefins.

Abstract: Alpha olefins may be oligomerized over a boron trifluoride catalyst and a protonic promoter, and then held at a temperature between 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. to increase the molecular weight of the oligomers. When the oligomers are hydrogenated they provide a synthetic lubricant base stock having excellent properties. The alpha olefins may be derived from ethylene polymerization or wax pyrolysis. An inert organic solvent may be present.

Abstract: Primary alcohols may be treated with ammonia and hydrogen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing copper and chromium to produce nitriles and primary amines. The nitriles produced are readily convertible to the same corresponding primary amines. The reaction may be conducted at a temperature in the range of 240.degree. to 320.degree. C. which is substantially lower than the temperatures used in other methods used to make nitriles. Conversions of the alcohols are 95% or higher, and selectivities to the combined primary amines and nitriles are higher than other methods.