Abstract: The present invention includes process and apparatus for continuously monitoring or detecting a liquid element or compound in another, different liquid including introducing a gas into a first liquid, measuring bubble size of bubble formation of the gas in the first liquid, introducing a second liquid element or compound into the first liquid to form a combination liquid, introducing a gas into the combination liquid, measuring bubble size of bubble formation of the gas in the combination liquid, and comparing gas bubble formation in the first liquid with gas bubble formation in the combination liquid to determine the amount of the second liquid in the combination liquid. The present invention further includes controlling or adjusting the amount of the second liquid contained in the first liquid in response to the monitoring and detecting determination of the present invention.

Abstract: A filler material for use in a polymer or paper system. The filler material is formed by heating hydrotalcite to less than approximately 600.degree. C. to remove most of the carbonate and water of hydration; submersing the hydrotalcite in a NaBr solution for 1-24 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a bromide intercalated hydrotalcite; and adding the bromide intercalated hydrotalcite as a 25-65 wt % filler in a polymer system selected from the group of polypropylene, polybutylene terephtalate, nylon, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing macrosegregation in the simultaneous casting of a plurality of metal alloy ingots in a continuous or semicontinuous casting operation. Several casting molds are arranged closely together in an array. An outer electromagnetic coil is arranged around the outer periphery of the array of molds and their formed ingots. Preferably, when the circular molds are employed, a solenoid is provided in the central space of the molds. Direct current in the outer coil and in the solenoid create a static magnetic field whose combined effect acts on the liquid pool of the molten metal. The outer coil has straight sides and curved corners. Passive flux return devices are located along the straight sides of the outer coil. If rectangular molds are used, then only the outer electromagnetic coil is arranged around the casting assembly.

Abstract: A process for increasing the colorizing effect of known colorizing oxides in an alumina body. The process includes the steps of (a) forming a glass frit containing colorants; (b) mixing the frit and alumina to form a green mixture; and (c) firing the mixture to form a fired ceramic body.

Abstract: A essentially solvent-free green sheet (or "card") of fine powder particles of frit held together with an organic binder containing an essentially water-insoluble thermoplastic synthetic resin can be dimensionally stabilized by a process which utilizes the physical interaction of aquathermic stimuli on the green card. The process includes contacting the card with liquid water or moisture-saturated air or inert gas (which gas, like water, has no noticeable chemical action on the organic binder) at a temperature in the range from about the freezing point (0.degree. C.) to about the boiling point of water (100.degree. C.) and drying the card until essentially all the moisture from within the pores of the cards is removed before the cards are circuitized with metallurgy. The green cards which are then essentially free of both moisture and solvent, are allowed to equilibrate at storage temperature for a period of at least about 10 minutes before being processed further.

Abstract: Controlling the linear velocity of melt discharge from the discharge outlets of a melt distribution device so as to essentially negate reverse flow from the walls of the mold has been found to produce less oxides and less surface detects in an ingot, particularly an aluminum ingot. This discharge is controlled from the outset of the casting of an ingot because it has been found most defects occur within the initial phase of a cast. A melt distribution device, referred to as a "bag-in-a-bag", is provided which is a pressureless interiorly partitioned receptacle. The partitioning of the receptacle provides an outer bag and a melt-impermeable inner bag in which a pool of melt collects. The pool is deep enough to submerge the discharge end of a spout, to dissipate the kinetic energy of the incoming melt, and to distribute melt from a central zone to discharge zones on either side of the central zone.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic composition for forming a glass-ceramic dielectric body having a dielectric constant of less than about 4.5, a firing temperature of less than about 950.degree. C. and a sintered density of greater than 95% theoretical density. The composition is formed from a mixture consisting essentially of finely divided particles of 40-50 vol. % borosilicate glass and 50-60 vol. % cordierite. The borosilicate glass comprises approximately 20-35 wt. % B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and approximately 60-75 wt. % SiO.sub.2. The exact particle size ratio of the cordierite to borosilicate glass that is used will depend on the proportions of the components, the desired fired density and the firing temperature. The mixture is fired at a temperature of less than 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making an aluminum alloy sheet having controlled levels of strength properties for forming into a container panel. A body of an aluminum alloy consisting essentially of 0.45 to 0.60 wt. % Cu, 1.1 to 1.7 wt. % Mg, 0.3 to 0.6 wt. % Si, 0.3 to 0.55 wt. % Fe, 0.5 to 1.2 wt. % Mn, the remainder aluminum, incidental elements and impurities, is hot rolled to a gauge in the range of 0.12 to 0.16 inch to provide a hot rolled product. The hot rolled product is cold rolled to provide a reduction of 50 to 80% in thickness, then solution heat treated in a range of 850.degree. to 110.degree. F. and rapidly cooled before cold rollign to a final sheet gauge by providing a reduction of 30 to 90% in thickness.

Abstract: A method is provided to replace a damaged pin in a module for an integrated circuit assembly without damaging the circuit device or chip mounted in a circuitized substrate. This method comprises brazing a new pin to the base of the old pin by capacitive discharge brazing with a ribbon of compatible metal foil, requiring no flux, and is effected by firing the charge by completing a circuit which includes a pin attachment tool, the ribbon and the power supply, but in which circuit the chip is bypassed. The arc is struck and the new pin is brazed to the old without generating sufficient heat to damage the chip, and without conducting any current through the chip. The attachment tool is uniquely adapted to clamp the new pin and locate the pin precisely over the base of the old pin.

Abstract: An essentially flat "arc-grained" surface of a sheet of aluminum alloy is produced with a coarse and non-uniform microstructure which, after it is coated with a durable phosphate-free coating, provides excellent lithoplate. Though such arc-grained microstructure is much coarser than an electrochemically etched surface typically used on lithoplate, the very coarse surface is peculiarly well-adapted to provide durable lithoplate after it is coated with a phosphate-free protective surface. After the coated surface is coated with a photoresist the excellent resolution of prints is maintained over a large number of repeated uses in an off-set printing press.

Abstract: A non-destructive method for determining the presence of anisotropic structures in the interior of an as-formed metal. The method includes the steps of (a) attaching an ultrasonic transducer to the metal item prior to working the metal; (b) energizing the transducer to generate shear ultrasonic waves capable of penetrating the metal item; (c) measuring the time of flight of the shear ultrasonic waves through the metal item; (d) rotating the transducer approximately 90.degree.; (e) repeating step (c); and determining the difference between steps (c) and (e) to determine the presence of anisotropic structures in the interior of the metal item.

Abstract: A ceramic composition for forming a ceramic dielectric body having a dielectric constant of less than about 4.5 and a TCE of less than about 4.0 ppm/c. The composition comprises a mixture of 20-50 wt. % borosilicate glass 40-75 wt. % of a glass selected from the group consisting of glass containing 95-98 wt. % silica, titanium silicate glass and combinations thereof and sufficient amounts of gallium to inhibit the formation of crystalline forms of silica. The composition can be combined with a polymeric binder to produce an unfired green tape which is co-fireable with high conductivity metallurgies such as gold, silver and silver/palladium.

Abstract: The present invention is a wax-based material for use in the lost wax process where the wax must be capable of withstanding temperatures of up to 350.degree. F., the wax-based material including: (a) a high temperature brittle wax; (b) about 5-30 wt % organic plasticizer including polyfunctional amines and alcohol amines and (c) about 5-10 wt % paraffin wax.

Abstract: An improved method of treating an ingot to be made into lithoplate. The method also includes (a) providing a non-heat treatable aluminum alloy containing magnesium; (b) homogenizing said alloy; (c) rolling said alloy to form a sheet or plate; (d) heating said sheet or plate for a temperature and time sufficient to permit magnesium to migrate to the surface of said metal; and (e) cold rolling said sheet or plate stock to a finished gauge workpiece.

Abstract: A method of producing small diameter titanium carbide whiskers is disclosed. The method comprises supplying a source of materials comprised of titanium halide, hydrocarbon gas and nickel and reacting this material in the presence of a source of carbon monoxide to produce small diameter titanium carbide whiskers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously monitoring the cooling capacity of a liquid coolant containing gas bubbles. The apparatus includes a measuring means for measuring the number density of the bubbles to infer the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid coolant, a control means for varying the amount of gas in the liquid coolant so that the number density is within a predetermined range and an electro-acoustic transducer in fluid contact with the liquid coolant capable of generating waves of sufficient intensity to cause cavitation in the liquid coolant in the area of the measuring means. In a preferred embodiment the electro-acoustic transducer is an ultrasonic horn.

Abstract: A ceramic composition for forming a ceramic dielectric body having a dielectric constant of less than about 4.2 at 1 MHz and a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5-3.0 ppm/.degree.C. from room temperature to 200.degree. C. The composition comprises a mixture of finely divided particles of 20-50 wt. % borosilicate glass, 40-75 wt. % titanium silicate glass and sufficient amounts of crystalline ceramic material to inhibit the formation of crystalline forms of silica. The composition can be used with a polymeric binder to produce an unfired green tape which is co-fireable with high conductivity metallurgies such as gold, silver and silver/palladium.

Abstract: A continuous casting machine ("block caster") is provided with chain-wise interlinking of mold block assemblies. Such chain-wise interlinking maintains the mold block assemblies essentially contiguous and is essential to provide operation of a continuous casting machine essentially free of mechanical noise. Each mold block assembly is elastically independently hinged by dual parallel hingepins, spaced-apart in the casting direction (x-axis), as the mold block assembly is carried between opposed, transversely (y-axis) spaced-apart guide rails of each carriage track. The elastic hinge means compensates for variation in block-to-block (centerline) distance caused by kinematic phenomena, including thermally induced variations in the dimensions of individual blocks as a function of their position in each track during operation. Guide rollers guided in generally horizontal guide roller-ways are afforded no measurable tolerance relative to their vertical displacement, when the roller-ways are off-set.

Abstract: A ceramic composition for forming a ceramic dielectric body having a dielectric constant of less than about 4.2 at 1 MHz and a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 2.5-3.0 ppm/.degree. C. from room temperature to 200.degree. C. The composition comprises a mixture of finely divided particles of 25-50 vol. % borosilicate glass and 50-75 vol. % titanium silicate glass. The composition can be used with a polymeric binder to produce an unfired green tape which is co-fireable with high conductivity metallurgies such as gold, silver and silver/palladium.

Abstract: A .beta.'SiAlON produced from initial reactant materials comprising Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and carbon that produces a .beta.'SiAlON material having a strength greater than about 50 ksi at approximately 1000.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the .beta.'SiAlON material has a strength greater than about 50 ksi at approximately 1200.degree. C. In a second embodiment of the present invention is a low-cost process for producing unsintered high purity alpha silicon nitride structured SiAlON by carbothermic reaction from initial reactant materials comprising Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 and carbon.