Abstract: Methods and heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) diodes optimized for application with frequency multipliers at providing outputs at submillimeter wave frequencies and above. The HBV diodes include a silicon-containing substrate, an electrode over the silicon-containing substrate, and one or more heterojunction quantum wells of alternating layers of Si and SiGe of one or more electrodes of the diode. Each SiGe quantum well preferably has a floating SiGe layer between adjacent SiGe gradients followed by adjacent Si layers, such that, a single homogeneous structure is provided characterized by having no distinct separations. The plurality of Si/SiGe heterojunction quantum wells may be symmetric or asymmetric.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 23, 2007
Date of Patent:
April 13, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Erik M. Dahlstrom, Alvin J. Joseph, Robert M. Rassel, David C. Sheridan
Abstract: Liquid detection sensors are attached to both sides of a robotic arm end effector of a semiconductor wafer process system. The sensor mechanism or probe is situated on the front side and backside of the end effector, designed with electrical lines that are traced onto a polyester base material. The electrical lines are positioned in a serpentine formation. The high conductance of the sulfuric acid in the copper sulfate solution acts as the conductor between the traced lines. When the conductive liquid comes in contact with the traced lines, the lines short and the sensor activates or turns on.
Abstract: A radiator includes a core for cooling a fluid, and a tank connected to the core having a side surface with a depression extending between the front and rear surfaces adapted to receive a hose and a plurality of integral ribs formed on the tank external surfaces. The radiator further includes an elongated support member having a body portion removably connected to the core and extending along a side thereof, an end portion removably connected to the tank, and a flexible expansion portion permitting relative movement between the body and end portions to reduce stress during thermal expansion and contraction of the core.
Abstract: A method of designing and forming a mask used for projecting an image of an integrated circuit design. After providing a mask element corresponding to a portion of a design of an integrated circuit layout, the method includes correcting the mask element using OPC techniques, and fracturing the OPC-corrected mask element into a plurality of polygonal segments. The method then includes identifying along an edge of the mask element a polygon edge having a thickness less than that which can be normally reproduced by a mask writer, and modifying configuration of the identified mask element segment to add or subtract length to an end of the polygon to create a corrected mask element having increased resolution by the mask writer. The method then includes using an electron beam or other mask writer to form a mask having the mask element with modified configuration.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 3, 2007
Date of Patent:
April 6, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Abstract: A method of manufacturing liquid-metal composite contacts, where fabric of high-melting metal based wire is in the form of a strip, rolled into a cylindrical workpiece, and installed into a matrix. The workpiece is then pressed, reduced in an environment of hydride hydrogen in a vacuum furnace, and soaked with low-melting metal or alloy, where the soaking of the structure is performed with three metals, tin (Sn), indium (In) and gallium (Ga) within three sequential stages lasting 10 to 20 minutes each, namely, the structure is first soaked with liquid tin at a temperature of 750 to 1150° C., then with liquid indium at the temperature of 750 to 1000° C., and third with liquid gallium at the temperature of 700 to 900° C. The amount of liquid tin, indium, and gallium is proportional to eutectic mixture and volume of the pores in the structure.
Abstract: A method of designing an alternating phase shifting mask for projecting an image of an integrated circuit design. Phase units are binary colorable within each unit of the hierarchical circuit design, e.g., cell, an array, a net, or array of nets and/or cells, the phase shapes. The assignment of phases or colors within a hierarchical unit will be correctly binary colored to satisfy the lithographic, manufacturability and other design rules, referred to collectively as coloring rules. During assembly with other units, the coloring of phases in a hierarchical unit may change (e.g., be reversed or flipped), but the correct binary colorability of a hierarchical unit is preserved, which simplifies assembly of the integrated circuit layout.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 15, 2008
Date of Patent:
March 30, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Ioana Graur, Young O. Kim, Mark A. Lavin, Lars W. Liebmann
Abstract: A steering apparatus and method is implemented that allows high speed, clean, particle-free transport of a semiconductor wafer or lithographic reticle on a transport vehicle at various positions on the vehicle track, especially when entering and exiting turns. Three computer-controlled electro-magnets are mounted at the left, center, and right side of a front steering truck, and are energized to attract strategically placed permanent magnet material mounted on a side of the track where the vehicle enters or exits a turn. The transport vehicle can be levitated by an air cushion or travel on wheels, and controlled by electromotive or electromagnetic forces about the track. Using the steering electro-magnets as a LVDT, a computer processor monitors the location of the transport vehicle about the track.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 9, 2005
Date of Patent:
March 16, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Abstract: Two connection interfaces are combined in a single assembly for high frequency signal propagation of a GPS antenna. At least one connection interface is a constant impedance connector. The connector assembly allows for the application of o-rings and gaskets to be placed circumferentially about the radome to protect against environmental elements, mechanical shock and vibration. The first connection interface has a male plug on a first piece of a dual connector design, and a complementary female plug on a second piece. The second connection interface comprises a plug of any standard industry connector mounted on the second piece opposite the complementary female plug, and is configured to easily mate to a corresponding plug from a cable or other electronic equipment.
Abstract: A method is provided for the making of interconnect solder bumps on a wafer or other electronic device. The method is particularly useful for the well-known C4NP interconnect technology and determines if any off-set resulted between the solder mold array and the wafer capture array during the transfer process. The amount of off-set enables the operator to adjust the transfer tool before solder transfer to compensate for the off-set caused by the transfer process and provides a more cost-effective and efficient solder transfer process. A solder reactive material surrounding the capture pads is used to determine where the solder reacts with the solder reactive material showing the off-set resulting from the transfer process. Copper is a preferred solder reactive material.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 12, 2007
Date of Patent:
February 23, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Jerry A. Gorrell, Sarah H. Knickerbocker, Srinivasa S. N. Reddy
Abstract: A remote control instant messaging method and system for automatically activating an instant messaging session based upon remote detection of a user approaching a processor capable of executing an instant message system. The method and system also automatically deactivate the instant messaging session based upon remote detection of the user's absence from such processor and automatically re-activate the instant messaging session based upon remote detection of the user's return to the processor. A second instant messaging session can also be remotely activated on a second processor operated by another user_id by detecting the first user's approach to such second processor. The first user is automatically disengaged from this second instant messaging session when the user leaves the location of the second processor.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 15, 2005
Date of Patent:
February 16, 2010
Assignee:
International Business Machines Corporation
Inventors:
Edward E. Kelley, Franco Motika, Tijs Y. Wilbrink
Abstract: An integrated paper having capabilities and functionalities provided by both the fiber and the active agent ingredients, and a method of immobilizing the active agents within the integrated paper. A tight pore structure with a mean pore diameter of less than about 2 microns provides short diffusion distances from a fluid to the surface of the paper ingredients by adsorption or diffusive interception, making it an excellent medium for fluid filtration. A microbiological interception enhancing agent may be added. The integrated paper may be formed using wet laid paper-making processes. Devices utilizing the integrated paper are used in fluid filtration.
Abstract: The invention relates to a motor vehicle roof antenna (100) comprising an antenna housing (110) in which at least two antennae are arranged, wherein a first coaxial connector (114) is allocated to each antenna, and having a connector (200) which comprises a housing (210) and a number of second coaxial connectors (214) corresponding to the number of first coaxial connectors (114), said second coaxial connectors (214) being arranged at a plugging side of the housing (210) at pre-determined positions and with their respective longitudinal axes oriented parallel to a plugging direction of the connector (200), wherein every second coaxial connector (214) is allocated to a first coaxial connector (114) and is configured so as to be insertable into it.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
March 21, 2006
Date of Patent:
January 26, 2010
Assignee:
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Inventors:
Bernd Rosenberger, Jens-Peter Freundt, Willem Blakborn, Christian Floren