Abstract: Multifunctional additives having a variety of advantageous properties are described. They are formed by a process which comprises heating concurrently or in any sequence a) an oil-soluble ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen with b) an alkoxylated alcohol of at least 8 carbon atoms c) a borating agent and optionally d) an inorganic oxyacid or anhydride of phosphorous. The reactants are in proportions on an active ingredient basis of about 0.03 to about 0.35 part by weight of b) per part by weight of a), and about 0.005 to about 0.06 part by weight of boron as c) per part by weight of a). The reaction temperature can range from about 50.degree. to about 150.degree. C. Water and/or solids present in the resultant mixture can be removed. Preferably, the optional phosphorous component is used in the formation of these additives. This phosphorous component can be an inorganic oxyacid or anhydride of phosphorous.

Abstract: Novel zinc additives are provided which function as antioxidants and extreme pressure agents for lubricants and possess high thermal stability. In addition, they exhibit good filterability performance and good corrosion resistance. The zinc-containing additives are formed by admixing (i) at least one zinc dialkyldithiophosphate wherein each alkyl group contains 6 to 12 carbon atoms and is branched on its beta-carbon atom, and (ii) at least one zinc alkanoate wherein each alkanoate group is branched on its beta-carbon atom, in a ratio of 6.0 to 8.0 equivalents of (i) per equivalent of (ii).

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing toxic compounds emissions and the maximum reactivity of exhaust products emitted by spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Gasoline having a minimum target octane number is formed by blending together base fuel blending components and at least one cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound in an amount equivalent to up to about 0.03 gram of manganese per gallon.

Abstract: A di- or tri-ester polyether unsaturated acid amine reaction product effective as a fuel additive for reducing intake valve deposits and octane requirement increase, as well as controlling combustion chamber deposits, in gasoline engines is disclosed together with fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for dispersing deposits in lubricating oil products.

Abstract: Certain hydrogenated oligomers of 1-alkene hydrocarbons have been found to be substantially biodegradable upon exposure to microbiological agents of types widely available in the environment. Thus, in an operation wherein lubricating oil or functional fluid is released into the environment, there is provided for use as the lubricating oil or functional fluid a substantially biodegradable lubricating oil or functional fluid at least 10 percent by volume of which is composed of at least one substantially biodegradable liquid hydrocarbon of lubricating viscosity formed by oligomerisation of 1-alkene hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule and hydrogenation of the resultant oligomer.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate package comprising a detergent/dispersant, an organic nitrate combustion improver, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising dimer and/or trimer acid is provided enhanced shelf life stability by treating the concentrate with a shelf life stability amount, for example 1,500 and 10,000 ppm, respectively of acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid/hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Novel ashless dispersants that have reduced reactivity toward fluoroelastomers are described. They are oil-soluble products obtained by a process which comprises reacting (i) a long chain succinic acylating agent wherein the long chain is derived from a polyolefin with (ii) an alkoxylated diethylene triamine having an average of from 1 to 2 N-substituted C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 hydroxyalkyl groups per molecule. These reactants being employed in proportions of at least 2 moles of the acylating agent per mole of the alkoxylated diethylene triamine, with the proviso that where the average of N-substituted C.sub.2 or C.sub.3 hydroxyalkyl groups is 1.7 or more, the proportions are such that there are more than 2 moles of the acylating agent per mole of the alkoxylated diethylene triamine.

Abstract: A method of preparing a calcium sulfonate having at least a TBN of 500 where the method comprises reacting CaO, Ca(OH).sub.2 and H.sub.2 O, and synthetic monoalkylbenzene sulfonate and synthetic dialkylbenzene sulfonate in certain molar ratios, respectively, for a sufficient length of time to produce the overbased calcium sulfonate.

Abstract: Power transmission fluids are described that have a Brookfield viscosity of 13,000 cP or less at -40.degree. C., a viscosity of at least 2.6 mPa.multidot.s at 150.degree. C. in the ASTM D-4683 method, and a viscosity of at least 6.8 cSt at 100.degree. C. after 40 cycles in the FISST of ASTM D-5275. This is achieved by use of particular base oil and additive components in specified proportions. Evaluations to date indicate that the compositions evaluated possess a combination of performance properties deemed necessary by an original equipment manufacturer for a new generation of electronically controlled automatic transmissions equipped with torque converter clutches capable of operating in a continuous slip mode.

Abstract: Heavy diesel fuels, especially those containing sulphur and intended for marine or railroad use, are improved by incorporation therein of a combination of a cyclomatic manganese tricarbonyl and an ashless dispersant and optionally an antioxidant. Diesel fuels so modified show improved combustion characteristics and fuel economy.

Abstract: Additives are produced by (i) reacting an O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid with a monoepoxide or mixture of monoepoxides having in the range of 20 to about 30 carbon atoms in the molecule or a vegetable oil epoxide such as epoxidized soybean oil or methyl epoxy soyate, (ii) reacting the product with phosphorus pentoxide to produce an acid phosphate intermediate, and (iii) neutralizing the intermediate with at least one amine. At least 50 mole %, and preferably all, of the hydrocarbyl groups of the O,O-dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid are secondary acyclic hydrocarbyl groups free of acetylenic unsaturation. The additives are multifunctional in that they have limited slip properties, antiwear/extreme pressure properties, and corrosion inhibiting properties.

Abstract: The invention provides a mechanism for an improved medical or veterinary implement comprising a chain or sheath covering an elongated tool or instrument. The sliding sheath of the invention helps the process of insertion and advancement of the implement into a lumen and reduces the friction and pressure induced on the side walls of the lumen into which the sheathed implement is inserted for purposes of treatment or examination.

Abstract: A "cold-clash" gear problem associated with vehicular manual transmissions exposed to the cold is overcome by use of a special all-synthetic gear oil composition. The composition is composed of base oil and specified additive components. The base oil is a blend of dialkyl ester of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having a maximum pour point of about -55.degree. C. and a maximum kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. of about 4 cSt, and three hydrogenated poly-.alpha.-olefin oligomers having kinematic viscosities at 100.degree. C. of about 40, about 4-8 cSt and about 2 cSt in specified proportions. The additive components comprise an organic sulfur-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, an organic phosphorus-containing antiwear and/or extreme pressure agent, a copper corrosion inhibitor, a rust inhibitor, a foam inhibitor, and an ashless dispersant. The gear oil has a boron content of about 0.0025 to about 0.07 wt %.

Abstract: Compounds are described in which a phenolic moiety is linked to a polyamine moiety by means of a Mannich base linkage, and the polyamine moiety is linked to an alkylene-poly(oxyalkylene) moiety by means of a urea linkage in which one of the nitrogen atoms of the urea linkage is a nitrogen atom of the polyamine. These compounds useful as detergent/dispersants in fuels and other media.

Abstract: A method for producing an ashless, antioxidant lubricating oil additive. The method comprises:(a) reacting an alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide to form a dithiophosphoric acid intermediate;(b) treating the dithiophosphoric acid intermediate with an expoxide to yield a corresponding dithiophosphoric ester alcohol product; and(c) recovering the dithiophosphoric ester alcohol product lubricant oil additive.

Abstract: The combination of a fuel-soluble succinimide detergent/dispersant, a fuel-soluble liquid carrier or induction aid therefor, and a fuel-soluble cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound can sharply reduce the formation or accumulation of engine deposits such as intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines. In fact, such compositions can function synergistically whereby the effectiveness of a highly effective succinimide-based deposit control additive can be improved by the addition thereto of the manganese compound, the latter not known to be a substance that reduces deposits.

Abstract: A star-branched polymer comprising a core portion and polymeric arms. The core portion is obtained by anionic polymerization of at least one unsaturated acrylate or methacrylate ester of a polyol and the polymeric arms are obtained by anionic polymerization of at least one acrylic or methacrylic monomer.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of a star-shaped polymer and an N-allyl amide manifest dispersant and viscosity index-improving properties.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous distillate fuel compositions and additive concentrates are described that provide improved performance in evaporative burners. The additive components comprise a mixture formed from at least (a) a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound; (b) a succinic derivative ashless dispersant; (c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having at least 24 carbon atoms in the molecule, the two carboxyl groups being separated from each other by at least 6 carbon atoms; and (d) a metal deactivator of the chelation type. Preferably, the compositions also contain (e) alkoxylated alkylphenol; (f) a demulsifying agent; (g) a tertiary monoamine in which each substituent on the nitrogen atom is a hydrocarbyl group; and (h) liquid inert solvent having a final boiling point no higher than approximately 300.degree. C. The compositions are devoid of any metal-containing additive component other than the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound.

Abstract: A highly effective fuel additive composition for control of intake valve deposits is described. It comprises (a) a gasoline-soluble Mannich reaction product of (i) a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted phenol, (ii) amine, and (iii) aldehyde; (b) a gasoline-soluble poly(oxyalkylene) carbamate; and (c) a gasoline-soluble poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol, glycol or polyol, or mono or diether thereof. Fuel compositions and methods of controlling engine deposits are also described.