Abstract: A crosslinking agent having reactive benzoxazine groups is provided. The crosslinking agent is an ungelled reaction product of aminoplast resin, a polyhydric aromatic compound, and at least one compound having active hydrogen groups reactive with aminoplast resin which is selected from at least one of: (i) compounds having the structure (I): where X is aromatic; R1, R2, and R3 each independently represents H, (cyclo)alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, or an active hydrogen-containing group; (ii) compounds having structure (II) or (III): where R′ and R″ each independently represents an aromatic group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) compounds different from (i) and (ii) and having a melting point of at least 80° C. Curable powder coating composition and multilayer composite coating compositions are also provided, as well as coated substrates.

Abstract: A crosslinking agent is provided which is an ungelled reaction product of (a) an aminoplast resin and (b) a compound having active hydrogen groups reactive with the aminoplast resin (a) such that the crosslinking agent is essentially free of functional groups reactive with aminoplast resin and has a glass transition temperature of at least 10° C. Also provided is a method for preparing the crosslinking agent. Further provided is a curable powder coating composition including (A) a polymer having a glass transition temperature of at least 30° C. containing reactive functional groups and (B) the previously described crosslinking agent. Additionally provided is a multilayer composite coating composition including a base coat deposited from a film-forming composition and a top coat over the base coat deposited from the previously described powder coating composition. Coated substrates are also provided.

Abstract: A crosslinking agent which is an ungelled reaction product of (a) at least one aminoplast resin, (b) at least one polyfunctional polymer having functional groups reactive with aminoplast resin (a) and having a glass transition temperature of at least 15° C.; and (c) at least one compound different from (b) having active hydrogen groups reactive with aminoplast resin (a) is provided. Also provided is a method for preparing the crosslinking agent. Further provided is a powder coating composition which includes the crosslinking agent. Additionally provided is a multi-layer composite coating composition having a base coat layer and a top coat over the base coat deposited from the previously described powder coating composition. Coated substrates are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for treating a photoresist by exposure to light from an electrodeless UV bulb are disclosed. The methods are applicable to both positive and negative photoresists. In the case of positive photoresists, use of electrodeless UV lamps significantly reduces the UV exposure time. Methods for making circuit boards and apparatus for making circuit boards are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crosslinking agent which may have reactive benzoxazine groups prepared from (a) at least one aromatic compound, (b) at least one aminotriazine compound, and (c) at least one other compound having active hydrogen groups reactive with aminoplast compound (b). The crosslinking agent is essentially free of hydroxyl functionality and has a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. The present invention is further directed to a method for preparing the above-described crosslinking agent, and a curable powder coating composition comprising a mixture of (A) a polymer having functional groups reactive with aminotriazine and/or benzoxazine groups having a glass transition temperature of at least 30° C.; and (B) the above crosslinking agent. Multilayer composite coating compositions are also provided including a basecoat deposited from a film-forming composition and a topcoat over the basecoat, deposited from the curable powder coating composition described above.

Abstract: A method of plotting traces of data on two or more graphs, wherein each trace is related to the output of a process sensor, includes generating a list of sensors and grouping the sensors according to a unit of measure each sensor is configured to detect. One axis of a first graph is associated with the unit of measure of a first group of sensors and one axis of a second graph is associated with the unit of measure of a second group of sensors. Each sensor of the first group is associated with a trace to be displayed on the first graph and each sensor of the second group is associated with the trace to be displayed on the second graph. The traces are displayed on the first and second graphs, with each trace being related to the output of a sensor over time.

Abstract: A process for forming and drying a multi-layer composite coating on an elongated three-dimensional multi-faced substrate is provided.

Abstract: A multi-layer composite coating composition is provided. The multi-layer composite coating composition includes an exterior-durable, organic solvent-borne base coating composition from which a durable base coating is deposited, and an aqueous top coating composition from which a top coating is deposited over at least a portion of the durable base coating. The multi-layer composite coating compositions are particularly useful as coatings for preformed, three-dimensional, multi-faced substrates employed in building construction, for example, the elongated extruded aluminum substrates used for window and door frames. Coated substrates are also provided.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition comprising an active hydrogen-containing polymer, an isocyanate, and beta-hydroxyalkylamide is disclosed. The polymer can be any number of polymers containing hydroxyl, amine and/or thiol groups, such as an acrylic polyol, a polyester polyol, and mixtures thereof. The hydroxylalkylamide has been shown to decrease the time in which the coating achieves hardness and, in the case of the polyester polyol system, increases the hardness that is achieved. The present compositions also provide resistance to chemical exposure. Methods for coating a substrate and the substrates coated thereby are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crosslinking agent having reactive benzoxazine groups which is the ungelled reaction product of (a) at least one mono-hydroxy aromatic compound and (b) at least one aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH group present in a molar ratio of reactant (a) to reactant (b) ranging from 1.0 to 3.0: 1.0, provided that where reactant (a) is a single ring monohydroxy aromatic compound, the molar ratio of reactant (a) to reactant (b) ranges from 1.0 to 1.8:1.0 and from 2.2 to 3.0:1.0. The crosslinking agent is essentially free of hydroxyl functionality and has a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. The present invention is further directed to a method for preparing the above-described crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Two types of aminotriazine-based crosslinking agents are provided. Crosslinking agent I includes the ungelled reaction product of (A) a reactive urethane group-containing reaction product and (B) an aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH bond per triazine ring. The reactive urethane group-containing reaction product (A) is the reaction product of (1) a polyester polyol, and (2) a mono-isocyanate. The crosslinking agent I is essentially free of urethane NH functionality and has a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. Crosslinking agent II includes the ungelled reaction product of (A) a reactive urethane group-containing reaction product and (B) an aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH bond per triazine ring. The reactive urethane group-containing reaction product (A) is the reaction product of (1) a polyisocyanate and (2) a monohydric capping agent.

Abstract: Provided is a crosslinking agent which is the ungelled reaction product of a polyester polyol and an aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH bond per triazine ring. The polyester polyol is the reaction product of a cycloaliphatic polyol and a cyclic polycarboxylic acid or anhydride. The crosslinking agent is essentially free of hydroxyl functionality and has a glass transition temperature of at least 10° C. Further provided is a powder coating composition including a solid particulate film-forming mixture of a polymer containing reactive functional groups and having a Tg of at least 30° C., and the crosslinking agent. Additionally provided is a multi-layer composite coating composition having a basecoat layer deposited from a basecoat film-forming composition and a topcoat over the basecoat deposited from the previously described powder coating composition. Coated substrates are also provided.

Abstract: A cermet inert anode having a reduced level of contaminating surface metal is disclosed. Methods for preparing cermet inert anodes and methods for treating cermet inert anodes are also disclosed. The methods generally use an oxidizing agent to convert metals on the surface of the anode to inert oxides and/or to otherwise remove the metal contaminants. The inert anodes of the present invention may be used in electrolytic reduction cells for the production of commercial purity aluminum, as well as other metals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a weldable, coated metal substrate having a pretreatment coating including a reaction product of at least one epoxy-functional material and at least one phosphorus-containing material or amine-containing material and a weldable coating having an electroconductive pigment and a binder deposited thereon.

Abstract: Two types of aminotriazine-based crosslinking agents are provided. Crosslinking agent I includes the ungelled reaction product of (A) a reactive urethane group-containing reaction product and (B) an aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH bond per triazine ring. The reactive urethane group-containing reaction product (A) is the reaction product of (1) a polyester polyol, and (2) a mono-isocyanate. The crosslinking agent I is essentially free of urethane NH functionality and has a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. Crosslinking agent II includes the ungelled reaction product of (A) a reactive urethane group-containing reaction product and (B) an aminotriazine compound having one or less non-alkylated NH bond per triazine ring. The reactive urethane group-containing reaction product (A) is the reaction product of (1) a polyisocyanate and (2) a monohydric capping agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrodepositable composition of a resinous phase dispersed in an aqueous medium. The resinous phase includes an ionic polyester polymer prepared from a) an aromatic and/or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid compound having at least two aromatic and/or secondary aliphatic carboxyl groups, b) a branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic compound containing at least two aliphatic hydroxyl groups, the aliphatic hydroxyl groups being either secondary or tertiary hydroxyl groups or primary hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon adjacent to a tertiary or quaternary carbon, c) a compound including an ionic salt group or a group which is converted to an ionic salt group, and d) optionally, at least one hydroxyl substituted carboxylic compound comprising at least one tertiary aliphatic carboxyl group and at least two aliphatic hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Novel sulfatase inhibitor compounds useful in the treatment of estrogen dependent illnesses are disclosed. These compounds generally comprise a steroid nucleus substituted at the C17 position. Methods for synthesizing these compounds and using them in the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of a patient are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved powder coating compositions containing novel polysiloxanes having various reactive functional groups are disclosed. The compositions are particularly useful as thermosetting powder coating compositions where they provide excellent filiform corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Improved methods for the simultaneous production of dihydroxybenzene and dicarbinol from diisopropylbenzene are provided. These methods provide for continuous and simultaneous production of diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide (DHP) and diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide (HHP) using Karr Column extractors operated in series. A very high purity DHP-containing solution, the precursor to the dihydroxybenzene, can be produced according to the reported methods. A safe and efficient method for producing dicarbinol from HHP is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powder coating for application to packaging containers, 1) the powder coating comprising A) at least one thermoplastic, B) if desired, at least one thermoset, preferably an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of from 400 to 3000, C) if desired, pigments, fillers, catalysts, typical powder coating additives such as degassing agents, levelling agents, free-radical scavengers and antioxidants, and 2) the powder coating having a particle-size distribution such that a) at least 90 percent by mass of the powder-coating particles have a size of between 1 and 120 &mgr;m, b) the maximum size of the powder-coating particles is ≦150 &mgr;m for at least 99 percent by mass of the particles, and c) the mean size of the powder-coating particles is between 1 and 60 &mgr;m, preferably from 1 to 30 &mgr;m.