Abstract: Methods and apparatus for implementing an n-state ripple-adder scheme coder with n?2 using an n-state reversible switching function and a non-reversible n-state switching function acting upon a first and a second word of at least 2 n-state symbols are disclosed. Corresponding decoding methods and apparatus are also disclosed. A resulting codeword may be a codeword which can be decoded by using the identical or different n-state switching functions in a corresponding ripple adder scheme decoder. Feistel networks and LFSRs apply the coding and decoding. Systems using the coding and decoding methods may be communication, storage and/or financial systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel stable, liquid compositions comprising chalcogenides or salts thereof. These compositions may be used for a variety of purposes, including the treatment and prevention of ischemic or hypoxic injury, as well as in the preservation of biological matter.

Abstract: Provided is an emissions treatment system for an exhaust stream, having a NOx storage reduction (NSR) catalyst with a NOx sorbent at a concentration of at least 0.1 g/in3 and a platinum group metal component dispersed on a refractory metal oxide support; and, an SCR catalyst disposed downstream of the NSR catalyst. The emissions treatment system is advantageously used for the treatment of exhaust streams from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines.

Abstract: A multiple function lock comprising a body, an engaging element having a first end and a second end, a locking mechanism for securing the first end and the second end of the engaging element to the body, and a gate mechanism for selectively concealing or revealing a passage in the body through which the second end may move to unlock the lock. In certain embodiments, a multiple function lock may comprise a body, a U-shaped shackle having toe and heel portions, the heel portion rotatably secured within the body, a locking mechanism for locking the heel and the toe portions within the body, a passage through the body adjacent to the toe portion, the toe portion adapted to move through the passage to unlock the lock, and either a retaining cup, an adjustable gate, or an outer housing, each being adapted to selectively block or reveal the passage.

Abstract: Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.

Abstract: Methods for formation of epitaxial layers containing silicon are disclosed. Specific embodiments pertain to the formation and treatment of epitaxial layers in semiconductor devices, for example, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. In specific embodiments, the formation of the epitaxial layer involves exposing a substrate in a process chamber to deposition gases including two or more silicon source such as silane and a higher order silane. Embodiments include flowing dopant source such as a phosphorus dopant, during formation of the epitaxial layer, and continuing the deposition with the silicon source gas without the phosphorus dopant.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for amplifying nucleic acid molecules. The nucleic acid molecules can be used in various research and diagnostic applications, such as gene expression studies involving nucleic acid microarrays.

Abstract: A syringe assembly having passive disabling structure includes a barrel and a plunger rod assembly. The plunger rod assembly includes a plunger rod and a stopper connected by an indexing locking element. The number of strokes of the syringe plunger before the stopper is locked into the barrel rendering the syringe assembly unusable is determined by the number of detents on the plunger rod and stopper which engage the locking mechanism. Upon completion of the final delivery stroke, any attempt to withdraw the plunger rod from the barrel will cause the locking element to engage the barrel and trap the stopper in the barrel preventing further use of the syringe.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst composites comprising: a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material comprising a precious metal selected from a palladium component and an oxygen storage component, the oxygen storage component being present in an amount of at least 10% by weight, wherein substantially all of the oxygen storage component is in intimate contact with the palladium component and the catalytic material is effective to substantially simultaneously oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduce nitrogen oxides. A catalyst composite comprising: a catalytic material on a carrier, the catalytic material comprising a palladium component and a ceria-zirconia composite support, the ceria being present in an amount in the range of 10 to 70% by weight, wherein substantially all of the ceria is in intimate contact with at least a portion of the palladium component. Methods of making and using these catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to error-correcting coding and correct restart of decoding after errors of sequences that are coded by convolutional coders or LFSR based descramblers. The signals can be binary or multi-valued signals. Methods and apparatus to convolutional encode and decode sequences of binary and n-valued symbols are disclosed. The invention further discloses methods and apparatus to identify symbols in error in sequences coded according to methods of the invention. Methods and apparatus to correct these errors are provided. Methods and apparatus to repair errors in a Trellis of received sequences are also provided. Methods and apparatus for n-valued Recursive Systematic Convolutional coders and decoders are disclosed.

Abstract: An environmental monitoring system and methods of a site are disclosed. The system includes one or more environmental measurement instruments, of which at least one instrument is capable to measure a concentration of particles in a certain size range. The system may also include an instrument that is capable of measuring a first concentration of particles in a first size range and a second concentration of particles in a second size range. The system may also include an instrument that is capable to measure a wind speed and a wind direction. The system may also include one device capable of recording an image of a location related to the site. The system includes a controller in communication with the one or more environmental measurement instruments, and a display device capable of displaying data generated by the one or more environmental measurement instruments. The system contains a network. Alerts can be provided based on conditions of the environment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a diesel oxidation catalyst for the treatment of exhaust gas emissions, such as the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). More particularly, the present invention is directed to a novel washcoat composition comprising two distinct washcoat layers containing two distinctly different ratios of Pt:Pd.

Abstract: Processes for making a high K (dielectric constant) film using an ultra-high purity hafnium containing organometallic compound are disclosed. Also described are devices incorporating high K films made with high purity hafnium containing organometallic compounds.

Abstract: Ternary (3-value) and higher, multi-value digital scramblers/descramblers in digital communications. The method and apparatus of the present invention includes the creation of ternary (3-value) and higher value truth tables that establish ternary and higher value scrambling functions which are its own descrambling functions. The invention directly codes by scrambling ternary and higher-value digital signals and directly decodes by descrambling with the same function. A disclosed application of the invention is the creation of composite ternary and higher-value scrambling devices and methods consisting of single scrambling devices or functions combined with ternary or higher value shift registers. Another disclosed application is the creation of ternary and higher-value spread spectrum digital signals. Another disclosed application is a composite ternary or higher value scrambling system, comprising an odd number of scrambling functions and the ability to be its own descrambler.

Abstract: A method for coding a message of a plurality of m-state symbols into a coded message of n-state symbols wherein n>m is disclosed. A method to make the distribution of states of n-state symbols a uniform distribution is also disclosed. A coding rule is initiated based on a distribution of states of m-state symbols. A method of coding the coding rule by transposition is also provided. In one embodiment a coded message of n-state symbols has symbols that each have a unique state. A system for executing the coding and decoding methods is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for error detection and error correction in n-valued with n>2 data symbols are disclosed. N-valued check symbols are generated from data symbols in n-valued logic expressions using n-valued logic functions. N-valued Hamming codes are disclosed. Also disclosed is the generation of check symbols from data symbols in an n-valued expression wherein at least one check symbol is multiplied by a factor not equal to 0 or 1 in GF(n). Identifying n-valued symbols in error by check symbols and error correction by solving sets of independent n-valued equations are also disclosed. A method for introducing and removing annoyance errors is provided. Systems for error corrections in communication and data storage are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus reducing the number of multipliers in Galois Field arithmetic are disclosed. Methods and apparatus for implementing n-valued Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based applications with a reduced number of multipliers are also disclosed. N-valued LFSRs with reduced numbers of multipliers in Fibonacci and in Galois configuration are demonstrated. Multiplier reduction methods are extended to n-valued functions with more than 2 inputs. Methods to create multiplier reduced multi-input n-valued function truth tables are disclosed. Methods and apparatus to implement these truth tables with a limited number of n-valued inverters are also disclosed. Scrambler/descrambler combinations with adders and multipliers over GF(2p) are provided. Communication, data storage and digital rights management systems using multiplier reduction methods and apparatus or the disclosed scrambler/descrambler combination are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of bcl-2 antisense oligomers to treat and prevent bcl-2 related disorders. These disorders include cancers, tumors, carcinomas and cell-proliferative related disorders. In one embodiment of the invention, a bcl-2 antisense oligomer is administered at high doses. The present invention is also directed to a method of preventing or treating a bcl-2 related disorder, in particular cancer, comprising administering a bcl-2 antisense oligomer for short periods of time. The present invention is further drawn to the use of bcl-2 antisense oligomers to increase the sensitivity of a subject to cancer therapeutics. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more bcl-2 antisense oligomers, which may comprise one or more cancer therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A needle shield assembly including a hinged needle shield is provided. A ramp is provided in proximity to a hinge that connects the needle shield to base assembly. The ramp is preferably flexible, and, if compressed, resiliently urges the needle shield to a preferred angular position with respect to a syringe. The needle shield is movable between a fully opened position where it is canted at an angle with respect to the syringe and a closed position in which it envelops the needle. One or more locking elements are preferably provided on the needle shield for maintaining it in a locked, needle protecting position.