Abstract: An object of the present invention is to avoid such a problem that white dropouts and the Moire phenomenon occur in a filter-processed image. A filter unit employed in an image processing apparatus provided within a copying machine first selects as a pixel of interest any one of a plurality of reversed density pixels which constitute an image to be processed. Next, the filter unit uses density of this interest pixel before being corrected, density of pixels located at peripheral portions of this interest pixel, and a predetermined filter coefficient so as to calculate a weighted average value for each of the density. Finally, the filter unit compares the density of this interest pixel before being corrected with the weighted average values to output as a corrected density of this interest pixel, such a value approximated to a density equivalent to a black level.

Abstract: In the display device (10), at least one of a scanning line (2) and a signal line (3) is a multi-layer wiring including first and second conductive layers (3a, 3b), and the multi-layer wiring (3) includes a low-stacked region (3′) where the second conductive layer (3b) is not formed.

Abstract: A recording-medium transport device includes a pair of pinch rollers arranged closer to a printing head than to a subordinate roller and pinching and transporting a belt and a sheet of paper toward the printing head. The pair of pinch rollers can pinch the sheet of paper together with the belt, while maintaining the belt flat. As such, an image of high quality can be formed, e.g., printed on the recording medium. Furthermore, the recording medium does not divert from a transporting path. Thus reliable image formation can be achieved.

Abstract: A laser processing method includes the steps of irradiating a projection mask having a light transmitting area, for allowing a laser beam to be transmitted therethrough, with the laser beam; and irradiating a processing target with the laser beam transmitted through the light transmitting area. A spot of the laser beam on the projection mask is shaped so as to irradiate a portion in the vicinity of first edges of the light transmitting area, the first edges extending in one direction, and so as not to irradiate a portion in the vicinity of second edges of the light transmitting area, the second edges extending in a second direction which is different from the first direction.

Abstract: A digital optical transmission apparatus includes a modulation portion for modulating data to be transmitted in an ASK modulation method, and an E/O modulation portion for converting an electrical signal output from the modulation portion into an optical signal having a base band component with a constant DC level. DC-biased or FSK-biased may be employed as a method of making constant the DC level of the base band component.

Abstract: A sampling circuit includes a first sample hold means having a sample hold switch whose one terminal receives an input signal and a sample hold capacitor whose one terminal is connected to the other terminal of the sample hold switch, an amplifier circuit whose input terminal is connected to the other terminal of the sample hold switch and a horizontal selection switch whose one terminal is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier circuit and the other terminal of which is connected to a horizontal signal line. The output terminal of the amplifier circuit is connected to one terminal of a conduction control switch, and a first constant current load is connected to the other terminal of the conduction control switch. The conduction control switch is turned on when the sample hold switch is on and the horizontal selection switch is off.

Abstract: A switching element is formed by sequentially depositing on an insulating substrate a gate electrode, a gate insulating film made of an inorganic insulating film, a semiconductor layer, a channel protecting layer, an n+Si layer that will form a source electrode and a drain electrode. Next, a metal layer and a transparent conductive film are formed on edges of the source electrode and the drain electrode. The insulating substrate on which the above films have been deposited is cleaned with vacuum ultraviolet light, before further depositing an interlayer insulating film and a pixel electrode. A substrate for use in a display element obtained in this manner exhibits an excellent adhesion strength between the film processed with vacuum ultraviolet light and a film adjacent to the film processed with vacuum ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A magneto-optical head device includes a light source, an objective lens which condenses a light beam emitted from the light source, an auxiliary lens which converts an effective numerical aperture of the light beam condensed by the objective lens to irradiate a recording medium with the light beam, and a magnetic reproducing head which is integrated into the auxiliary lens. The magneto-optical head device can thus be decreased in size and information can be reproduced from both surfaces of a disk since the magnetic reproducing head is integrated into the auxiliary lens. Further, when a thermomagnetic recording medium is employed as the recording medium, the magneto-optical head device can reproduce information recorded at a high track density and a high line density.

Abstract: An image output processing apparatus, which temporarily stores inputted image data and thereafter reads out the same to output images on sheets of paper, includes a CPU which (i) divides inputted image data into a plurality of blocks under predetermined conditions in an order in which the image data are inputted, so that one block has an amount of image data not exceeding a capacity of the storing means, (ii) when the storing of image data of one block in the storing means is finished, reads out the temporarily stored image data from the storing means, outputs the image data of the block so that a set number of copies of the images are obtained, and makes the storing means free, and (iii) thereafter stores image data of a next block into the storing means and applies to the image data the same processing operation as that described above.

Abstract: An ink-jet head includes an electrode formed to continue from an inner surface in an ink chamber to a back end surface of a diaphragm through an inclined surface of the diaphragm. The inclined surface forms an angle greater than 90° with the inner surface in the ink chamber and forms an angle greater than 90° with the back end surface of the diaphragm. The electrode thus has a sufficient thickness on the corner portion formed by the inner surface in the ink chamber and the back end surface of the diaphragm. Accordingly, even if any component touches or hits the corner portion formed by the inner surface and the back end surface, in an assembly process of the ink-jet head, the electrode is prevented from being cut off and thus from being broken. In this way, the electrode can surely be connected electrically to a driving circuit.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device is composed of at least one optical retardation compensator plate 2 (and 3) inserted between a liquid crystal display element 1 and polarizer plates 4 and 5. The liquid crystal display element 1 is composed of a pair of electrode substrates 6 and 7 and a liquid crystal layer 8 sealed therebetween. The polarizer plates 4 and 5 flank the liquid crystal display element 1. The optical retardation compensator plate 2 (and 3) has a negative refractive index anisotropy (na=Nc>nb). The direction of a principal refractive index nb parallel to the normal to the surface and the direction of either a principal refractive index na or nc in the surface incline either clockwise or counterclockwise around the direction of the principal refractive index nc or na in the surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a main substrate having a main electrode; a counter substrate having a counter electrode; a liquid crystal material interposed between the main substrate and the counter substrate; and a control section for controlling a response start time of the liquid crystal material by a potential difference between a main electrode voltage that is applied to the main electrode during one frame and a counter electrode voltage that changes in a substantially continuous manner during the one frame, and for changing a transmissivity of the liquid crystal display device based on a magnitude of the main electrode voltage.

Abstract: A backup memory has a plural number of pages (e.g., page 0, page 1 . . . ) including machine-status data. Each page stores machine-status data such as the number of prints, machine usage information data, machine condition data, accounting information data, etc. The machine-status data has a HEAD portion and a DATA portion including DATA0, DATA1 and DATA2. The HEAD portion designates the latest written position of the above three pieces of DATA portion. For example, if data is last written into DATA2 in the DATA portion, the HEAD portion should take a value of 3. The DATA portions are interrelated to each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing (meth)acrylic acid includes: a reaction step of carrying out a catalytic gas-phase oxidation reaction; an absorbing step of absorbing (meth)acrylic acid from a (meth)acrylic-acid-containing mixed gas prepared in the reaction step; a refinement step of separating, refining, and recovering (meth)acrylic acid from a (meth)acrylic-acid-containing liquid prepared in the absorbing step; and a recirculation step of recirculating (meth)acrylic acid contained in a vent gas produced in the refinement step to the absorbing step and/or the refinement step.

Abstract: A cable raceway for carrying cables, e.g., fiber optic cables, across interior or exterior spaces is disclosed. The cable raceway includes a series of support channels and a plurality of main channels, each main channel being disposed in an overlaying relationship between successive pairs of support channels. An elongated slot is formed through end portions of the main channels, and bolts pass through spacers attached to the support channels and disposed in the elongated slots. The cable raceway also includes a plurality of covers set over respective channel members. Each cover includes a top portion; a pair of opposing sides extending downward perpendicularly from the top portion; and, a pair of steps formed on inner surfaces of respective sides adjacent to the top portion, thereby extending longitudinally along the length of the cover.

Abstract: A color solid-state imaging apparatus of the present invention, includes a plurality of pixels conducting photoelectric conversion arranged in a matrix and color filters disposed so as to correspond to the plurality of pixels, wherein the color filters include first filters of a first kind, second filters of a second kind, and third filters of a third kind having spectral characteristics different from each other, the plurality of pixels are arranged at a pitch L in a first direction to form rows, and each of the rows is arranged at a pitch M/2 in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the pixels disposed in even-number rows are shifted in the first direction by L/2 from the corresponding pixels disposed in odd-number rows, the first filters are disposed so as to correspond to all the pixels arranged in the odd-number rows, the second filters are disposed so as to correspond to a half of the pixels arranged in the even-number rows at a predetermined period, and the third filters are disposed so

Abstract: In a printing device which prints a color image on a photosensitive material by allowing an exposing head to modulate light from a light source for each pixel in accordance with image information, the exposing head is constituted by superposing three LCS's in the light-axis direction. The respective LCS's control the transmission and interruption of only the respective blue, green and red color components so that color tones in the respective pixels with respect to an image printed on printing paper are controlled based upon the subtractive color process. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the generation of pixel offsets in an image printed on the photosensitive material by using a simple structure, and consequently to provide a printing device having a superior processability.

Abstract: A device and method for substantially enhancing the cooling of electric machines, e.g., motors and generators, is described. A hermetically-sealed chamber surrounds electric wire winding end-turns at either end of the stator core, and contains at least one phase-change coolant. The coolant removes heat from the stator winding through the end-turns, where often temperatures are the greatest, through cyclical ebullition, whereby heat generated by the stator winding end-turns boils and, subsequently, vaporizes the liquid coolant. The hot, vaporized coolant is removed through at least one vapor return passage and collects, cools, and condenses on the stator cooling jacket, which removes heat from the vaporized coolant. The liquid condensate precipitates into a wicking matrix, which continuously returns the liquid condensate through capillarity to the liquid coolant pool that partially wets the wicking matrix and winding end-turns.

Abstract: In a two-way optical communication device, a rising mirror bends light transmitted from a light-emitting element in a virtually perpendicular direction to a surface of a substrate, and the light is gathered on an end of an optical fiber via a light-gathering mirror having a curved surface and is coupled to the optical fiber. Further, in the two-way optical communication device, received light, that is propagated from the optical fiber, is reflected on the light-gathering mirror and is gathered on the light-receiving element. The two-way optical communication device can transmit and receive light through a single optical fiber, causing only small loss in transmission and reception, so that light can be efficiently coupled to an optical fiber such as a POF having a large diameter.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide an image forming apparatus capable of preventing decrease in image density at a rear end part of an image. A change in waveform in sensor outputs which is produced when a toner patch image is read by an optical sensor used for the process control is detected. The difference (Vg−Vd) between grid voltage Vg and development bias voltage Vd is changed only between a target value of 300 V corresponding to low-output side threshold value Va and a target value of 100 V corresponding to high-output side threshold value Vb according to the sensor output deflection &Dgr;V so that the difference (Vg−Vd) decreases as the image loss level increases. The difference between the grid voltage Vg and the development bias voltage Vd is set so as to prevent the image loss in the rear end part of an image.