Abstract: A process for producing neutral calcium hypochlorite comprises admixing lime, an alkali metal hypochlorite and dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals in a mixing zone slurry. The mixing zone slurry is reacted with chlorine to form a paste of neutral calcium hypochlorite. The paste is then separated into a cake of neutral calcium hypochlorite and a paste liquor. A slurry of lime is fed to a crystallizer to react with the paste liquor to form a slurry of dibasic calcium hypochlorite crystals in a mother liquor. Crystals of dibasic calcium hypochlorite are then separated from the dibasic mother liquor and recycled to the mixing zone. The process of the present invention provides an efficient method of recovering calcium hypochlorite values from process liquors while reducing energy costs expended in the recovery. The process further provides rapid recovery of dibasic calcium hypochlorite for reuse in a neutral calcium hypochlorite process by optimizing separation rates.

Abstract: A process for removing chlorate ions from a recirculating anolyte brine as typically used in membrane chlor-alkali cells is disclosed. In this, a portion of the circulating brine after dechlorination and resaturation with additional alkali metal chloride is diverted and treated with an acidified aliphatic aldehyde to convert substantially all of the hypochlorite and chlorate to chlorine dioxide, chlorine gas and chloride ion. When performed in this manner, substantially lower quantities of acid are required as compared to prior art processes and the problems with the generation of excessive quantities of ClO.sub.2 are minimized.

Abstract: A fire and heat resistant container having at least the sidewall partially formed from fibrous material with an inner surface and an outer surface that has a plurality of laminae of predetermined composition and thickness arrayed in a specific manner therebetween is provided to protect an object or substance adjacent the inner surface from a fire or heat generating source adjacent the outer surface. The laminae are bonded together by a fire resistant bonding agent of predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A fire and heat resistant partition having a plurality of lamina between a first side and an opposing second side is provided to protect an object adjacent the first side from a fire or heat generating source adjacent the second side, the first lamina being formed at least partially of aluminum. The first lamina is bonded to at least one ply that is formed from multiple laminae of fibrous material which are bonded to an intermediate lamina of predetermined thickness formed at least partially of aluminum.

Abstract: An improved cathode with a conductive metal core and a Raney-type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent Beta Nickel (NiAl.sub.3) crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory outer portion preferably has molybdenum added to give a precursor alloy having the formula Ni.sub.x Mo.sub.1-x Al.sub.3 where x is within the range of from about 5 to about 15 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode. The method includes the steps of taking a Ni-Mo core or substrate having about 5-20 weight percentage of Mo and coating it with aluminum then heat treating to form a Ni-Mo-Al alloy with mostly Beta Nickel (NiAl.sub.3) structure and then leaching out the Al to produce a Raney surface.

Abstract: A telescopic sight provides means for determining the range of a target of known size and for compensating for predetermined bullet drop over the target range. Reticles are fixed in both the front and rear focal planes of the sight, and first screw means, calibrated to indicate range, are provided for controllably rotating the erector tube to displace the image of the front reticle, formed in the rear focal plane, so as to bracket the target between the rear reticle cross-hairs and the image of the front reticle. Second screw means, also operable to rotate the erector tube, displace the target image so as to compensate for bullet drop.

Abstract: In an electrode designed for use in a filter press membrane cell there is provided a frame of predetermined thickness that on opposing sides has generally planar foraminous electrode surfaces reinforcingly attached thereto, the electrode surfaces each having a predetermined surface area. The ratio of the predetermined surface area to the frame thickness for each electrode can vary in the range of about 12.05.times.10.sup.4 linear units to about 0.08.times.10.sup.4 linear units.

Abstract: A composition suitable for sanitizing water bodies consists of a mixture in compressed form of trichloroisocyanuric acid and an alkali metal bicarbonate. The mixture has a molar ratio of alkali metal bicarbonate to trichloroisocyanuric acid of from about 3:1 to about 1:1 and a moisture content of less than 0.2 percent by weight of the mixture.The novel compositions, for example in tablet form, rapidly dissolve in water bodies such as swimming pools, spas and hot tubs to provide high concentrations of available chlorine for sanitizing the water. The compositions effervesce during dissolution and are resistant to thermal decomposition.

Abstract: An improved cathode with a conductive metal core and a Raney nickel type catalytic surface predominantly derived from an adherent Beta (NiAl.sub.3) crystalline precursory outer portion of the metal core is disclosed. The precursory outer portion contains nickel, tantalum, and aluminum to give a precursor alloy having the formula (NiTa)Al.sub.3 where the tantalum content of the nickel-tantalum portion is in the range of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent. Also disclosed is a method of producing a low overvoltage cathode which includes the steps of coating a nickel-tantalum core or substrate having from about 5 to about 25 percent by weight of tantalum with molten aluminum and heat treating the coated substrate to form a (NiTa)Al.sub.3 ternary alloy with predominantly a Beta crystal structure on the outer portion. An alkali metal hydroxide is used to leach out aluminum and produce a porous binary Raney Ni-Ta alloy surface.

Abstract: In a filter press membrane electrolytic cell there is provided a reinforced electrode frame channel that is backed by a reinforcing strip which also serves as a gasket restraint when the adjacent electrodes are compressed to form the assembled cell.

Abstract: The reticle is composed of two adjacent parts, each of which comprises a circular periphery with one cross hair extending across the circular periphery. The cross hair on one part is disposed at a 90.degree. angle with respect to the cross hair on the other part to form the reticle aiming point. Each part is made by a chemical machining method.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of dibasic magnesium hypochlorite which comprises reacting a magnesium salt with an aqueous slurry of a crystalline hypochlorite salt in a reaction mixture containing a chloride ion source. The aqueous slurry has a solids content of from about 10 to about 90 percent by weight of a hypochlorite salt such as an alkali metal hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. The process provides a dibasic magnesium hypochlorite product which is readily separated.Dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, Mg(OCl).sub.2.2Mg(OH).sub.2 is useful in bleaching and sanitizing applications.

Abstract: Chlorine-containing gases which may be formed in containers of solid chloroisocyanurates such as trichloroisocyanuric are adsorbed and decomposed by a gas scavenging agent consisting essentially of an alkaline earth metal sulfate, an alkali metal bicarbonate, and carbon. The gas scavenging agent is preferably contained in a gas permeable package which is enclosed in the container. The scavenging agent adsorbs mositure, adsorbs and decomposes nitrogen trichloride, removes chlorine, and neutralizes hydrogen chloride gases formed. Harmful build-up of noxious gases and the reduction of gas pressures within containers for solid chloroisocyanurates is achieved.

Abstract: An electrolytic membrane transport cell adaptable to experimental use for the purpose of accurately measuring simultaneously cation transport and water transport numbers (mol/Faraday) under operating conditions similar to those used in commercial chlor-alkali membrane cells. The cell comprises a pair of half cells each containing a truncated conical chamber adapted to matingly fit together, when abutted at their apexes, and to form a cell, said cell being adapted to hold a permselective membrane which is sealingly supported between said half cells so as to create separate anode and cathode sections, electrode means, heating means, stirring means and electrolyte inlet means. When used in conjunction with radioactive tracer techniques considerable improvements in the accuracy and ease with which transport phenomena can be studied are possible.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions to produce gaseous products is comprised of a housing, a separator traversing said housing to form an anode compartment and a cathode compartment, an anode in the anode compartment, a cathode in the cathode compartment, means for introducing an electrolyte into and removing said electrolyte from said anode compartment, an outlet for gaseous products in the anode compartment, means for introducing a liquid into and removing a liquid from the cathode compartment, and an outlet for gaseous products in the cathode compartment. The electrolytic cell has at least one of the anode and the cathode comprising a porous electrode having a porosity in the range of from about 30 to about 98 percent, the porous electrode having a first portion in direct contact with the separator and a second portion spaced apart from the separator, the second portion being closer to said outlets for gaseous products than said first portion.

Abstract: In a filter press membrane chloralkali electrolytic cell there is provided an improved external electrolyte recirculation system wherein the salt brine and deionized water replenisher feed lines are inserted individually within the electrolyte return conduits from each external gas-liquid disengager to thereby introduce feed electrolyte into a reservoir of electrolyte fluid which is in low resistance contact with the electrodes.