Abstract: A video editing system which resizes a video stream in a transform domain is disclosed. The video editing system partial decodes a compressed video stream in order to obtain a transform domain representation of the video stream. The transform domain representation of the video stream includes both frame encoded blocks and field encoded blocks. The field encoded blocks result from reordering of pels prior to transform domain encoding the pels. The frame encoded blocks, however, result from transform domain encoding pels without reordering pels. Accordingly, the video editing system of the present invention accounts for the encoding differences between the field encoded blocks and the frame encoded blocks when resizing the video stream in the transform domain. To this end, the video editing system includes field resizing matrices for resizing the field encoded blocks and frame resizing matrices for resizing the frame encoded blocks.

Abstract: Adaptive comb filter circuitry is responsive to chrominance vector absolute values to inhibit hanging dots. Chrominance vector absolute values are calculated by delaying bandpass filtered video signal to concurrently provide a plurality of sample absolute values. The plurality of sample absolute values are weighted and summed. The maximum and the minimum of the plurality of sample absolute values are selected and respectively weighted. The weighted maximum and minimum are combined with the sum of weighted samples to provide approximated chrominance vector absolute values. Exemplary circuitry is illustrated which develop real time chrominance vector magnitude values within 1.5-% p-p error. The vector magnitude approximation circuitry may be used for calculating vectors represented by successive samples which do not have an orthogonal relationship.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement with a digital controller for operating an electric motor and a method for starting an electric motor are disclosed. Electric motors require a considerably higher current immediately after they have been switched on and during the running-up phase because of the inductance of the motor windings. In order to increase the control sensitivity of the controller for the normal operation, the control range of a digital controller is switched over into a higher current range for the running-up phase. For the normal operation of the motor, the control range of the controller is switched back again into a lower current range. As a result, the control sensitivity of the controller is completely available for the normal operation of the motor.

Abstract: Digital remodulation systems typically include digital to analog converters which have an inherent undesirable sin(x)/x frequency response. Digital remodulated signals are typically high frequency and thus not conducive to sin(x)/x pre-correction prior to digital to analog conversion. Described herein is apparatus and a method for pre-correcting the sin(x)/x roll off of the digital to analog converter in the digital signal path prior to the digital modulator which precedes the digital to analog converter. This apparatus corresponds to a cascading of spectrally symmetric and anti-symmetric transversal filters designed to compensate a relatively small portion of the frequency response of the resulting analog signal.

Abstract: A method for generating digital carrier signals for application as the carrier to a digital modulator includes providing a first repeating sequence of complex values occurring at a given sample rate and upsampling these values to a higher sample rate. A second repeating sequence of complex values is provided, wherein respective complex values in the second repeating sequence occur at the higher sample rate. The second sequence of complex values is employed to modulate the upsampled first sequence of complex values and thereby provide the complex carrier signal.

Abstract: Analog to digital converters with enhanced performance in the presence of clock noise interference are configured with sampling clock phase selection circuitry to enable operation of the converter at the optimum sampling time intervals with respect to the interfering noise. The selection circuitry includes apparatus for generating a plurality of sampling clock phases and a multiplexer coupled to the plurality of phases to select the optimum clock phase.

Abstract: A method for coding digitized frames of a stroboscope-like special effects film is proposed, in which alternately a first number of frames of a first film scene and a second number of frames of a second film scene is shown. Two frame buffers (30, 32) are available for coding the frames. The method is characterized by the fact that the two frame buffers (30, 32) are operated separately so that in each case one of the frame buffers (30) is permanently used for predicting frames of the first film scene and the other frame buffer (32) is permanently used for predicting frames of the second film scene. In addition, a corresponding method for decoding frames coded in this manner and devices for coding and decoding digitized frames of a stroboscope-like special effects film are also proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for protecting an information item transmitted from a security element to a decoder and a protection system using such a process. The information item is protected by encrypting within the security element the information item to be transmitted to the decoder and by decrypting this information item within the decoder. The invention applies to conditional-access systems.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for automatically setting a gain in a control loop using a tuning signal provides in a one method step, measurement of existing gain while a tuning signal is input, and then calculating consequent gain changes, which is to be carried out in the control loop, from a measured value for the gain. The reciprocal of the measured gain is calculated and the reciprocal of measured gain is used to calculate a gain change to automatically re-establish the gain.

Abstract: A video processor receives coded digital image data which is decoded into MPEG compatible pixel blocks. The pixel blocks are horizontally and vertically decimated to produce a reduced size image suitable for picture-in-picture, picture-on-picture, or picture-in-graphics display. Decoded input data to the decimation network is alias filtered and decimated at a factor of 8 to 3. Decimated output pixel data is derived solely from a respectively associated decoded input pixel block.

Abstract: A method for replacing parts of a digitally coded picture (11) is proposed. The digitally coded picture (11) may correspond to a sub-picture which is displayed on the screen of a television set (10). In the method, each line of the picture (11) is run length-coded. The replaceable parts of a line of the picture are run length-coded separately. The part which replaces the replaceable, original part of a line of the picture (11) is run length-coded in such a way that it has the same number of data units (data bytes) as the original part of this line of the picture (11). The replacement of the data for the run length coding words is carried out in a memory device (51). The replacement is possible in a simple manner by virtue of the fact that the original part of a line of the picture and the new part of the line of the picture have the same number of data units. Moreover, a device for carrying out the method is also proposed.

Abstract: A diode-split high voltage transformer for a television receiver includes a coil form having a plurality of axially aligned cells. The cells are arranged in groups and are separated by fins. Partial windings are individually arranged in the cells. A plurality of diodes is arranged about the edge of each fin and and substantially normal to the of the form. The partial windings and the diodes are alternately connected in series. Each of the fins includs a ramp-shaped recess tangentially extending from the fin edge to the bottom of the cell adjacent to the fin to provide space allowing the winding wires to stay clear of the partial windings.

Abstract: The invention presents a method for the fabrication or production of three-dimensional lenses with a variable refractive index by wrapping a material with a given refractive index. It is preferred, that this material has the shape of a thread, which might be cylindrical. The preferred shape of the lens to be produced is spherical or semi-spherical, which can be achieved by an appropiate wrapping process or by cutting the spherical shape. By the inventive method it is possible to produce the said lenses with a smooth varying of the refractive index. It is preferred to use the produced lenses as part of a microwave antenna system.

Abstract: A circuit, having a split primary transformer, for controlling the warm-up, ignition and normal operating stages of a fluorescent tube initially applies in phase voltages to opposite sides of the split primary transformer during a warm-up stage; during an ignition stage and during the normal tube operation, out of phase voltage waveforms are applied to opposite sides of the split primary of the transformer.

Abstract: A data line defect avoidance structure for a display device having an array of display elements arranged in rows and columns includes a plurality of repair lines overlapping the ends of data lines which extend between the columns. Each repair line spans a set of data lines, and there is a sufficient number of repair lines to span all the data lines in the array. One end of each repair line can be welded to a data line during fabrication to decrease the number of steps required for avoiding an open in a data line.

Abstract: A coil arrangement for a control circuit which controls the motion of a housing includes coils arranged as a printed circuit on a flexible foil. The coils serve as the control elements for the control circuit. The foil is H-shaped and the coils are arranged on the verticals of H. The portions of the verticals in contact with the cross-bar of the H-shaped foil support connecting-conductors which connect the coils on the individual verticals. An aperture, soldering terminals and connecting conductors are arranged on the cross-bar of the H. The cross-bar is affixed to the top or bottom of a block-shaped housing and the verticals of the H are folded against the sides of the housing.

Abstract: A process for producing a thin-film magnetic tape head includes the steps of coating a substrate with a layer of material which protects the substrate from an etchant. A cavity is etched into the substrate and a prismoid of magnet material is deposited in the cavity. The sides of the substrate are removed so that the prismoid projects above the sides for a substantial portion of the height of the prismoid. The substrate is coated with a gap-coating layer and the gap-coating is removed from one side of the prismoid. Another layer of magnetic material is deposited onto the substrate and various parts, such as pole shoes, are formed. The substrate is polished and the apex of the prismoid is removed. Head windings are made. A return path for the head windings is provided by depositing another layer of magnetic material onto the substrate. A protective layer of a metal oxide is deposited onto the substrate.

Abstract: An improved cooling device for cooling the magnetic head (M) of a magneto-optical disc player includes a plurality of arcuate ribs (R) formed as portions of concentric circles and having centers coincident with the axis of rotation of the disc player. The reading/recording head (M) is arranged between the ribs. The rotation of the disc in the proximity of the cooling device creates airflow between the ribs and serves to cool the magnetic head.

Abstract: A circuit for generating a cut-off voltage for the switching diodes in a high frequency filter by rectifying the output signal of an oscillator includes a first diode which has a low threshold voltage and which rectifies the output signal to apply the cut-off voltage to the switching diodes in a first mode of operation. A second diode, having a low resistance, is parallel to the first diode and by-passes the first diode in a second mode of operation.

Abstract: A method of adjusting the moveable unit of a positioning device having a light source and a photodetector for scanning markers identifying positions at which the moveable unit is to be located includes the steps of accurately and manually positioning the unit at one of the identifying positions. The unit is then automatically driven to a second position where the output signal of the photodetector is maximum. The deviation from the first position to the second position is stored as an offset which is subsequently used to accurately position the moveable unit.