Abstract: Arrangement for converting a differential code into an absolute code which comprises a non-recursive interpolating digital filter, to which input code words are applied, with a sampling frequency f.sub.s, for supplying auxiliary code words occurring with an increased sampling frequency mf.sub.s, and a digital intergrator for converting the auxiliary code words into output code words, also with a sampling frequency mf.sub.s.

Abstract: With the facsimile transmission of pictures the run-lengths (plurality of successive picture elements of the same luminance value) are often transmitted in coded form to save transmission time and transmission bandwidth respectively. Herein the shortest run-length is often allocated to the shortest code word. In accordance with the invention every run-length having the value 1 is either extended to the value 2 or suppressed and the shortest code word is then allocated in a corresponding manner to the run-length 2. As a result the total length of the transmitted code words for a document is considerably reduced.

Abstract: In devices for reconstructing the adsorption distribution in a layer of a body on the basis of the measuring values obtained by means of a CT scanner, the measuring values (or values derived therefrom) are "spread" along strips which occupy the same position relative to the image plane as the strips along which the measuring value were obtained. The invention assigns the measuring values to individual image elements, the calculation of weighting factors being eliminated by subdividing each image element into smaller image points (9 to 16 times smaller).

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the presence of volatile, organic substances in gaseous mixtures comprises a filament on which the substances are absorbed when the filament is cold and released when hot, an electron capture device to detect the emitted substances, a primary and a secondary flow of inert gas, and a valve system in which system an inlet valve which admits the gaseous mixture automatically closes when the gas pressure of the gases within the apparatus exceeds the ambient pressure, the presence of the volatile organic substances being indicated by an output signal from the electron capture device. The apparatus alternatively may be used for controlling the flow of gases containing organic volatile substances.The filament may be sensitive to specific vapors.

Abstract: A high voltage transistor having successively an emitter zone, a highly doped base part, a low doped base part, a low doped collector part and a highly-doped collector part. At a distance from the highly doped base part, a groove is provided which extends down into the highly doped collector part and forms therebelow a channel stopper. The groove may be passivated with neutral, or, if desired, with positively charged glass or oxide while still maintaining a high collector-base breakdown voltage.

Abstract: A control unit for the brightness of video signals on a raster scan display is provided with a random-access memory. The data stored in each element of this memory determines the brightness of the video signals on the raster scan display at a position corresponding with this element. In response to the video data supplied to the control unit and the brightness data in the random-access memory a logical unit provides new brightness data which overwrites the brightness data in the memory.

Abstract: A circuit network for the non-linear digital-to-analog conversion of a periodic pulse signal having a linear average value which depends on a digital value into a direct current signal, wherein said network has different charge and discharge time constants for the pulse signals and the smoothing filter, so that a non-linear relation is obtained between the value of the input signal and the amplitude of the output signal of the filter circuit. The input network includes in series a resistor and a capacitor, the resistor of which is shunted at least partially by a diode.

Abstract: A safety coupling for an X-ray table tilt drive. An auxiliary coupling means in parallel with the main mechanical drive coupling has a substantially constant amount of free play over the entire operational tilt range of the table so that it ordinarily carries none of the drive force. In the event of mechanical failure of the main drive coupling the free play is taken up and the auxiliary coupling prevents the table from abruptly falling to the rest position.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting foreign objects in products. The products are X-rayed to produce a quantized raster scanned signal. The samples thus obtained for each line are combined with the bit samples of the next line, shifted by at least one position, and the output signal is applied to an evaluation arrangement which supplies an alarm signal when a foreign object is present.

Abstract: A magnetic disc memory having a device for positioning a magnetic head on a track. A disc is sub-divided into sectors comprising groups of data tracks and, alternating therewith, sectors having groups of servo tracks which define the data tracks which are staggered over one half track pitch with respect thereto. Each servo track includes magnetization changes (reference transitions) for reference purposes. Magnetization changes for position detection purposes (measuring transitions) are present in the servo sectors, stepwise from track to track per group of servo tracks. Said stepwise magnetization changes are of alternating polarity from track to track. An additional transition is provided every other servo track in the vicinity of the reference transitions. A stepwise organization of the magnetization changes in two longitudinal directions of the servo tracks enables the number of tracks per group to be substantially doubled.

Abstract: An X-ray apparatus comprising a film holder which is displaceable between a number of recording positions and a parking position and which can be locked in each of the recording positions by means of a latch co-operating in the parking position, with a catch which unlocks the latch and intermittently displaces the film holder to the next recording position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a JFET memory in which the information at the gate electrodes of the JFET's is stored and read-out non-destructively. Each JFET has an IGFET structure situated entirely within the JFET and the gate of which is coupled to the source or drain of the JFET. The information can be refreshed periodically at cell level (that is without external amplifiers) by means of said IGFET.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a silicon substrate having an insulating layer with a window. A silicon layer is deposited on the insulating layer and on the silicon substrate surface in the window. This silicon layer has n-type and p-type conductive layer parts which adjoin each other within the window and which each serve as both a connection conductor and an electrode of an active zone of the device. Semiconductor devices in accordance with the invention feature very small surface areas, and are thus particularly suitable for high frequency operation.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having one vertical and one lateral bipolar transistor, including a semiconductor substrate, a deposited semiconductor layer, and connection tracks consisting of portions of the semiconductor layer over a dielectric, other portions of the semiconductor layer being used to form contacts for certain active zones of the transistors.

Abstract: In third generation computer tomography apparatus, wherein radiation behind the object is measured by means of a large number of detection elements, a detection device comprises a number of detection elements which is larger than necessary for the measurement of the fan-shaped radiation beam, per se, in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. Means are included for displacing the detection device in the direction of the axis of rotation. Detector element unbalance effects are thus averaged.

Abstract: A charge transfer device of the bulk CCD type is used as an electronic variable delay line for video frequency signals. Charge packets are formed by integration of the input signal current over the entire clock period of the clock signal. As a result, cross-talk of the clock signal to the input section does not affect the video signal to be processed. Furthermore, the nonlinear characteristic of the input current source is linearized by negative current feedback with the aid of an operation amplifier. The input section of the device includes a diffused input region and a first gate electrode for receiving an input signal, and a second gate electrode for receiving a substantially constant voltage.

Abstract: A single turn potentiometer is constructed as either an open frame or a housed unit. Both units incorporate a helical coil spring wiper mounted within a rotor and supported by a hollow resilient pad. In the open-frame unit, the rotor includes a shaft which extends through a corresponding hole on a ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate cooperates with the rotor and includes a deposited cermet resistance element and a circular collector ring. A stop arrangement is built into the rotor in the open-frame unit. The closed-frame unit includes a housing having a moulded-in stop for cooperation with a similar stop for cooperation with a similar stop on the rotor. In the open-frame unit, the shaft which protrudes through the hole in the substrate is of split configuration and is spread by an insert to hold the rotor to the substrate in riveting fashion. The closed-frame unit employs a peened-over portion of the housing which is used to constrain the assembly.

Abstract: A coupling device for adaptation of I.sup.2 L transistors to a transistor operating with a higher bias current setting on a semiconductor body, said coupling device formed in one island from the combination of a current injector and a normally operated vertical transistor.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a planar p-n junction which in order to increase the breakdown voltage is shunted by a resistance layer of a very high resistance provided on an insulating layer. According to the invention, a resistance layer is used in the form of an elongate strip. The strip is preferably in the form of a coil, or a number of concentric contact layers present on the insulating layer are used which cross the resistance layer and assume the potential of the resistance layer at the area of the cross-over.

Abstract: A passivating glass for semiconductor devices. The glass contains GeO.sub.2, PbO, SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and, in addition, a small defined quantity of water.