Abstract: There is now provided a closed cell rigid polyurethane foam made from a polyol composition containing a polyol having polyester linkages and a number average molecular weight of 400 or more, and at least about 8 php of a silicone-containing surfactant polymer. Either mixed into the polyol composition at the time of foaming, mixed into an isocyanate, or both, is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The invention provides polyurethane components and compositions capable of providing internal mold release properties in SRIM applications. The polyol composition of the invention has an isocyanate reactive polyol (A) having a number average molecular weight from 100 to about 10,000 and an effective amount of internal mold release composition (B) having a silicon-containing polymer (a) and an at least diester functional compound (b) which is the reaction product of (i) an aromatic carboxylic acid, and (ii) alcohols having from 2 to 30 carbons. The invention further provides an SRIM polyurethane composition useful in the preparation of molded polyurethane articles having internal mold release properties, the composition comprising an isocyanate component (I) and the isocyanate reactive polyol composition (component (II)) disclosed above.

Abstract: The invention provides a molded polyurethane article having internal mold release properties. The polyurethane article comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate component (I) and an isocyanate-reactive polyol component (II). The polyol component comprises an isocyanate-reactive polyol (A) having a molecular weight from 100 to about 10,000 and an effective amount of an internal mold release composition (B). The internal mold release composition comprises a silicon-containing polymer (a) and a diester functional compound (b). The diester compound comprises the reaction product of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (i) and an alcohol having from 2 to 30 carbons.

Abstract: In a process for producing rigid foams based on isocyanate, the blowing agent used is a mixture of at least one low-boiling hydrocarbon having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, low molecular weight monohydric alcohols containing primary or secondary hydroxyl groups and having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and, if desired, the carbon dioxide formed from water and isocyanate. The rigid foams can be used as insulation material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethane foams by reactinga) at least one organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one polyalkylene-polyol (b1) having a hydroxyl number of from 30 to 500, obtainable by alkoxylation of at least one initiator molecule from the group consisting of N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine and tetrapropylenepentamine using at least one alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and/or 1,2-propylene oxide, or mixtures of the polyoxyalkylene polyols (b1) and other polyhydroxyl compounds having a functionality of from 2 to 8 and a hydroxyl number of from 15 to 500, andc) if desired, chain extenders and/or crosslinking agents, in the presence ofd) blowing agents and, if desired,e) catalysts andf) additives,and to the novel polyoxyalkylene-polyols (b1) which can be used for this purpose.

Abstract: A process for producing CFC-free polyurethane rigid foams having reduced thermal conductivity comprises reactinga) isocyanate semiprepolymers modified with urethane groups and containing from 31 to 20% by weight of NCO, based on aromatic polyisocyanates and at least one aromatic and/or preferably aliphatic polyester-polyol having a hydroxyl number of from 22 to 400,b) at least one relatively high molecular weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, which advantageously have arylene units bonded to them, and, if desired,c) low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkers in the presence ofd) blowing agents, preferably cyclopentane and/or cyclohexane in combination with water,e) catalysts and, if desired,f) additives.The CFC-free polyurethane rigid foams are preferably used as insulation material in refrigeration appliances and as insulation in composite and heating elements, for example for insulating remote heating pipes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of rigid to semirigid polyurethane foams having an increased proportion of open cells and reduced shrinkage using recyclate polyols. The invention furthermore relates to the rigid to semirigid polyurethane foams produced by this process.

Abstract: Polymeric, catalytically-active compounds having imidazole groups linked terminally and/or laterally to the polymer chain through reactive groups on the polymer chain are disclosed. The polymer chain is selected from the group consisting of polyether ketones; acidic, basic, or neutral ion exchange resins; polymeric isocyanates; polymers or copolymers containing maleic acid or maleic anhydride; and polymers containing benzyl halide groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to pressurized, blowing-agent-containing isocyanate semiprepolymer mixtures, advantageously having an isocyanate content of from 5 to 25% by weight, based on organic polyisocyanates and polyhydroxyl compounds which are used in combination with a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or olefinically unsaturated monoalcohol having 1 to 25 carbon atoms and/or hydroxyketones, preferably .beta.-hydroxyketones, the use thereof for the production of one-component polyurethane foams by allowing the isocyanate semiprepolymer mixtures to depressurize, and a process therefor.

Abstract: In a process for producing rigid foams based on isocyanate, the blowing agent used is a mixture of at least one low-boiling hydrocarbon having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, low molecular weight monohydric alcohols containing primary or secondary hydroxyl groups and having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and, if desired, the carbon dioxide formed from water and isocyanate. The rigid foams can be used as insulation material.

Abstract: Aqueous, thickened liquid or gel cleaning compositions displaying enhanced chemical and physical stability are provided. The compositions comprise a chlorine bleach ingredient, cross-linked polycarboxylate polymer, phytic acid, a theology stabilizing agent, and a buffering agent to maintain the pH of the composition above about 10. The phytic acid component is, preferably, substantially free of hypochlorite-reactive species. Preferred automatic dishwashing detergent compositions containing builder and optional surfactant and metalate, and displaying shear thinning behavior, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition containing an alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant mixture and calcium ions. The composition may require a calcium chelating agent, particularly at pH levels above 9, to prevent the formation of CaCO.sub.3 precipitates during storage. The compositions exhibit good grease removal, mildness to the skin, and storage stability.

Abstract: A light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition containing an alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant, magnesium ions, a magnesium chelating agent, and a buffering agent to maintain the pH of the composition from about 8 to 10. High pH and magnesium ions of the composition provide good grease removal properties while maintaining mildness to the skin. The buffering agent and chelating agent of the composition provide superior physical and chemical stability during storage. The preferred type of dishwashing detergent composition is in the liquid form.

Abstract: Granular laundry detergent, bleach or additive compositions containing admixed sodium carbonate and low levels of admixed hydrophobic amorphous silicate material to improve solubility. The compositions preferably contain aluminosilicate detergent builders and preferably are free of phosphate builders. Also disclosed are processes for improving solubility of such granular laundry compositions.

Abstract: Solid peroxygen bleach containing aqueous liquid detergent compositions having a pH of at least 8 are disclosed. The peroxygen bleach is water-soluble.The liquid detergent composition comprises a solvent system comprising water and a water-miscible solvent. The solvent system provides sufficient solubility of anionic surfactants, while keeping the solubility of the peroxygen bleach compound within defined limits.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactants comprising reacting ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a selective hindered base and anhydrous chloroacetic acid or a salt thereof. The reactants can be reacted simultaneously or, initially, the hindered base can be reacted with the ethoxylated fatty alcohol and, subsequently the resultant product reacted with anhydrous chloroacetic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent composition containing an alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant and little or no alcohol ethoxylate and soap by-product contaminants. The compositions exhibit good grease removal while manifesting mildness to the skin. A preferred type of dishwashing detergent composition is in the liquid form. High pH and magnesium ion containing versions of the compositions increase grease removal properties while maintaining mildness.

Abstract: Stable aqueous liquid detergent compositions are disclosed which comprise surfactants and a builder system comprising a major amount of citrate and a minor amount of C.sub.10 -C.sub.16 alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinic acid.

Abstract: Liquid cleaning compositions displaying enhanced physical stability in the presence of bleach are provided, comprising a chlorine bleach ingredient, cross-linked polycarboxylate polymer, a rheology stabilizing agent, and a buffering agent to maintain the pH of the composition above about 10. Preferred liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions containing builder and optional surfactant and metalate, and displaying shear thinning behavior, are disclosed.

Abstract: A light-duty liquid dishwashing detergent composition containing (a) an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant, and (b) an alpha-sulfonated fatty acid alkyl ester surfactant, and optionally containing an auxiliary suds booster, wherein the weight ratio of (a)/(b) is from about 50/50 to about 95/5. The composition exhibits good grease removal and foaming while manifesting mildness to the skin.