Abstract: Hydroazinecarboxylic acid ester of the formula In which R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and R3 is an optionally substituted alkyl group.

Abstract: A single-stage process is described for the preparation of primary aliphatic polyamines of the formula in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or aminomethyl, by reaction of polyalcohols on a Co/Ni catalyst with supercritical ammonia in the presence of hydrogen.

Abstract: Nicotinic acid is produced from aqueous solutions of ammonium nicotinate by spray-drying. The nicotinic acid can be freed from residual ammonium nicotinate by a thermal post-treatment in a fluidized bed or under reduced pressure. The process is suitable in particular for the work-up of the reaction mixture produced in the oxidation of 3-methylpyridine with atmospheric oxygen, with the ammonia and, if appropriate, the water, being able to be recycled. Nicotinic acid (“vitamin PP”) is an important additive to foodstuffs and feedstuffs.

Abstract: 1,n-cyclohexanediamines (n=2, 3, 4) of general formula (I), wherein one of the radicals R1 to R3 is an amino group and the two others mean hydrogen, are produced from the corresponding cyclohexanediols and ammonia in the presence of a catalyst containing cobalt, at 100° to 350° C. and 50 to 300 bar. The compounds that can be produced according to the invention are structural elements for polymers, especially polyamides, polyimides, polyurea or polyurethanes, and ligands for cytostatically effective transition metal complexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for respiratory assistance comprising a tube (4) which is provided with at least one auxiliary channel (8) for insufflating a jet of respirable gas into the respiratory system of a patient, and means (14b) for deflecting said jet of gas in the direction of the inside of the main channel (5) of said tube (4). According to the invention, the device comprises a ring (36) arranged in the main channel (5) downstream of said means of deflection (14b) and said ring (36) encloses the oblong pressure zone (18) by at least partially closing off the peripheral space (37) of said main channel situated between the inner wall (15) thereof and said oblong pressure zone (18).

Abstract: Wood preservatives having biocidal properties which include quaternary ammonium compounds of general formula (I): wherein R1 is a C8-18-alkyl group or an optionally substituted benzyl group, R2 is a C8-18-alkyl group, R3 is a C1-4-alkyl group or a group of the formula —[CH2—CH2—O]n—H, R4 is a C1-4-alkyl group, n is a number from 0.5 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5, and A31 is the anion of an organic carboxylic acid which contains 2 to 12 C atoms and carries at least one hydroxyl, amino or sulfonic acid group. The wood preservatives also penetrate deeply into the wood without the use of pressure, and have only a mild corrosive action on metals. Furthermore, a process for treating timbers with these compositions, concentrates for the preparation thereof, the use of new and known quaternary ammonium compounds in wood preservatives and new quaternary ammonium compounds and their use as biocides.

Abstract: Malonic esters of the general formula where R is C1-10-alkyl, C3-10-alkenyl or aryl-C1-4-alkyl, are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of malonic acid with a halide of the general formula R—X (II), where R is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of water and a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition coating composition comprising (A) a cationic resin having a crosslinkable functional group and a cationic group in one molecule, (B) a crosslinking agent, and (C) polyether polyol, said cationic electrodeposition coating composition having a volatile organic solvent content in the range of 1% by weight or less.

Abstract: The invention concerns packaging container produced from a composite shaped by cold-forming, the term “packaging containers” including base of lid parts or base and lid parts shaped by cold-forming. The base or lid parts can be shaped by cold-forming, and a lid film or base film, respectively, can form the corresponding closure for the packaging container. In addition, both the base and the lid part can be shaped by cold-forming, the depressions formed in the base and lid parts advantageously lying opposite one another.

Abstract: A cationic electrodeposition coating composition containing (A) an acrylic resin obtained by subjecting a mixture of 10 to 60% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic monomer (a), 5 to 35% by weight of an amino group-containing acrylic monomer (b), 5 to 55% by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer (c) and optionally another acrylic monomer (d) to a radical copolymerization reaction; (B) a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin-modified epoxy resin obtained by reacting 65 to 95% by weight of a resin composition consisting of 10 to 90% by weight of an epoxy resin (e) and 90 to 10% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (f) with 5 to 35% by weight of an amine compound (g); (C) a aliphatic and/or alicyclic blocked polyisocyanate compound, and (D) a bismuth compound component, a mixing ratio of the components (A), (B) and (C) being such that the component (A) is in the range of 40 to 90% by weight, the component (B) is in the range of 5 to 55% by weight and the component (C) is in the range

Abstract: A reflector, with high total reflection, resisting mechanical stress and having a reflector body on which the following components are superimposed (a) a functional coating, e.g., a varnish, (b) a reflection layer structure composed of a reflecting metallic layer and a transparent ceramic layer, having for instance a geometric thickness of 3 nm or more or an optical depth of &lgr;2, applied on the top of the metallic layer. The layer arranged on the surface of the reflection layer structure is formed by the transparent layer which acts simultaneously as a protection layer. The protection layer is a silicon oxide of general formula SiOx, where x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or is an aluminum oxide of formula Al2O3. The protection layer protects the underlying layers from mechanical stresses. In the DIN 58196 wipe test, the protected layer shows no damage after 50 test cycles, each with 100 wiping strokes.

Abstract: Lids (10) of a substrate material (5) having a plastic film, featuring printing (6) on the outside, with respect to a container (1) on which the lid (10) is employed, and an inward facing sealing layer (8,9), for closing the container (1) which has a shoulder region (4). The inward facing side of the substrate material (5) features the sealing layer (8,9) in the form of a printed image, and the printed image corresponds with the shoulder region (4) of the container (1) and is in the form of a series of points (12). The printed image (12) which forms the sealing layer (8,9) and the printed pattern (12) may be deposited in the same printing machine in which the printing (6) on the substrate layer takes place. The printed image (11) enables easy removal of the lids (10) individually from a stack of lids in the packaging machine without having to depend on embossing of the lids.

Abstract: A flange system for the butt fastening of two pipes (2, 3), for example, the gas outlet pipe and the nozzle of a turboengine, the flange (5) of one of the pipes (2) having a triangular cross section. There are provided on the flange (9) of the other pipe (3) protuberances (12) which cooperate with cuneiform wedges (15) in order to form a system of jaws pressing the flange (5) of triangular cross section between them.

Abstract: A process for the production of gamma-butyrolactone. Starting from maleic and/or succinic anhydride the conversion takes place in the presence of a catalyst composed of copper oxide and zinc oxide.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of coarse aluminum hydroxide via the Bayer Process. The process involves the decomposition of a supersaturated alkaline aluminate liquor in a two stage precipitation process having an agglomeration stage and a growth stage. The agglomeration stage takes place in agglomeration tanks, where the liquor is seeded with fine aluminum hydroxide to induce precipitation and formation of a suspension, followed by a growth stage, where the suspension is seeded with a coarse aluminium hydroxide. Typically, the feed of the supersaturated alkaline aluminate liquor is split over a first agglomeration tank at a higher liquor temperature of 70° to 100° C. and a second agglomeration tank or one or more of a series of second agglomeration tanks at a lower liquor temperature of 50° to 80° C.

Abstract: A packaging pouch (10) with an integral drinking straw or pouring spout (38,42) and an easy-to-open protective region providing access to the drinking straw or pouring spout, features a first compartment (32) to accommodate the contents e.g. a drink and—separated in a fluid-tight manner—a second compartment (34) to accommodate a tube part (42). The tube (38, 42) leads from the first compartment (32) to the second compartment (34) and is joined in the transition region to the pouch (10) in a fluid-tight manner and features a valve element for opening and closing a through-flow channel (37). At the end projecting into the second compartment the tube features a closure (44,46) which is closed in a fluid-tight manner when the pouch is in the unopened state and contains a valve element (58, 56) which, under the action of pressure from the side, frees a through-flow channel (37) and which closes automatically.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkoxypyrazine derivatives of the general formula: These alkoxypyrazine derivatives are obtained by reacting a glyoxal derivative of the general formula: and an aminoimidate of the general formula:

Abstract: A process of forming a mixture of diammonium phosphate and triammonium phosphate by the reaction of phosphoric acid with gaseous ammonia in a spray column. In the process, the reaction occurs under pressure. With the appropriate selection of the ammonia pressure and the phosphoric acid feed rate sprayed into the spray column, the amount of each of the diammonium phosphate and triammonium phosphate formed can be controlled.

Abstract: A nonhygroscopic thermally stable aluminum hydroxide, which is particularly useful for the preparation of thermally stable and fire retardant laminates for printed circuit boards.

Abstract: A form of packaging or packaging aid having integral guarantee of original pack and/or first-time opening containing a substrate with a surface that reflects visible light. The reflective surface is made of metal or is a metallic reflective surface. One or more single ceramic layers are provided on the reflecting surface. The ceramic layers are made of a compound having the formula SiOx, where x represents a number from 1.5 to 2.0, each ceramic layer has a thickness of 50 to 2000 nm. The ceramic layer is directly, nonreleasably affixed to the substrate or to the reflective surface of the substrate. On the ceramic layers, a reflecting layer which is semipermeable to visible light is provided. The reflective layer is made of metal and has a thickness of 0.2 to 60 nm, and is such that light striking the coated substrate is reflected and seen as different colors depending on the direction or angle at which it is viewed by an observer.