Abstract: A process is described which is useful as a co-process in combination with a process which employs hydrogen peroxide. The process of the invention provides a source of hydrogen peroxide along with a useful co-product, that co-product being 2-keto-D-gluconic acid or products derived therefrom. One of the first and second carbons of D-glucose is oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and an intermediate product. The other of the first and second carbons of the intermediate product is then oxidized enzymatically to produce hydrogen peroxide and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In one form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucosone; the final product is 2-keto-D-gluconic acid. In the other form of the invention, the intermediate product is D-glucono-.delta.-lactone; the final product is a mixture of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid and D-isoascorbic acid.

Abstract: Improved promotional pop-up designs capable of fabrication by mechanical mass production, particularly as a part of a web-press operation. A pair of pop-up elements in the form of two panels which are attached to one another, preferably by adhesive, are interconnected by hinges to basepieces that constitute the halves of a folder. Automatic web-press operation can die-cut hinge elements, either within the basepieces or within the pop-up elements in the moving web. Both pop-up elements may be formed from the sheet material located adjacent one edge of a basepiece, or the pop-up elements may be formed in flanking relation to the basepieces with one pop-up element along each lateral edge of the moving web, or they may alternate across the web.

Abstract: An endless conveyor carries articles being cooled through a freezing tunnel. Spray nozzles at longitudinally spaced locations along the tunnel expand high pressure liquid nitrogen to substantially atmospheric pressure to create a central flow of cold fluid in association with a surrounding inducer. The nozzles are arranged in an array with a first group being directed downward and toward the entrance and with a second group being directed downward and toward the exit end. A fan disposed in the intermediate region between the two groups creates an upward flow of cryogen vapor into the region that maintains a head of higher pressure vapor at the entrance to each of the inducers. Downwardly directed blowers are located between the array and both the entrance and exit ends in order to assure there is efficient extraction of heat from articles being carried along the conveyor from end to end.

Abstract: Methods are provided for fully encasing radio-opaque markers in pyrocarbon prosthetic members. Inserts having a pyrolytic carbon portion joined to a radio-opaque marker are affixed to a mandrel surface so that the marker extends thereabove. Pyrocarbon sufficient to encase the marker is deposited on the mandrel, the mandrel is removed, and the deposited layer of pyrocarbon is finished to form the prosthetic member.

Abstract: A multi-stage system is disclosed for removing particles from a gaseous medium and comprises an upstream precipitating stage of spaced corona discharging wires between parallel collecting plates, followed by a downstream precipitating stage having one or more electrically charges shells with flat sides generally parallel to collecting side plates for providing a uniform electric field in the medium carrying space, the sides of the shell having openings through which ions generated in the interior pass into the gaseous medium. A corona discharge apparatus inside the shell produces the ions at predictable, generally uniformly spaced locations. Alternative embodiments of the system include another stage located ahead of the upstream stage for removing the larger particles in the gaseous medium which can comprise a gravitational precipitator, a cyclone separator, a low voltage electrostatic precipitator or a low voltage ion beam generator.

Abstract: A movably mounted supply dispenser for bulk material is provided that has apparatus for mounting a container having inlet and outlet ends on a rack having spaced vertical supports. The mounting apparatus provides translation of a given generally horizontally directed thrust applied against the outlet end of the container into an angular motion of said container having upward components and horizontal components at both the inlet and outlet ends. The upward motion of the inlet end is greater than the upward motion of the outlet end for the given applied horizontal thrust. A system of such containers may also be provided in a freestanding rack allowing for the dispensing of many different bulk products.

Abstract: An improved method for freezing viscous paste materials such as ground meat by applying it in a selected thickness to the refrigerated surface of a rotating drum, the material being removed from the drum as a flat continuous sheet and cut into patties. Various improvements include the conditioning of both surfaces of the patties, scoring at least one surface of the patty in order to improve quality during and after subsequent cooking and reheating a thin surface portion of the frozen sheet or patties in order to maintain natural color.

Abstract: An explosive projectile comprising a body having a flight end and defining an internal chamber having a main high explosive charge therein. The body has at least one passage therein which communicates with the internal chamber and intersects the exterior surface of the flight end. a detonation initiator material is disposed within the passageway and enables safe handling and high velocity projection of the projectile without ignition but is capable of detonation to effect detonation of the main explosive charge upon predetermined high velocity impact of the flight end with a target surface. A thin cover is preferably provided over the exposed end of the initiator passage. The detonator initiator material typically reaches high order detonation within a distance of one to one and one-half diameters from the impact end. The impact velocity on a metal target must, typically, be 0.5 kilometers per second or greater to effect detonation.

Abstract: A non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer is described. Infrared energy is directed through a sample cell, and is interrupted at a predetermined frequency. The infrared energy at at least one preselected wavelength is detected to produce an AC signal having an amplitude proportional to the infrared energy passing through said sample cell and having a frequency corresponding to the predetermined frequency. The preselected wavelength corresponds to the characteristic absorption wavelength of a preselected gas. This AC signal is processed to produce a DC signal having an amplitude proportional to the concentration of the preselected gas in the mixture being analyzed. The signal processor includes an output amplifier, a voltage biasing network including a summing junction connected to the input of the amplifier, and a first variable control manually adjustable to bring the current at the summing junction to zero in the presence of a non-absorbing gas in the sample cell.

Abstract: A furnace wall lining is formed of ceramic fiber modules or batts arranged in stacks or layers between more rigid layers of insulating material to which are connected hangers for supporting electrical resistance heating elements. The more rigid insulating layers are preferably a dense fiber board insulating material having openings into which may be hooked one end of an elongated hanger which lies in a groove across the top face of the rigid insulating layer. An end of the hanger projects inwardly into the furnace chamber from the inner face of the furnace lining and supports the heating element. The rigid layers may be used to compress a stack of soft wall batts therebetween.

Abstract: A cabinet cooler or freezer which efficiently utilizes cryogenic refrigeration either with or without mechanical refrigeration. The freezer intermittently freezes relatively large batches of food by efficiently utilizing the natural expansion effect of a liquid cryogen, in combination with mechanical circulation by blowers, to create an overall circulation that efficiently removes heat from the food. A secondary circulation effect is induced, in a manner similar to the operation of a jet pump, which amplifies the circulation and allows CO.sub.2 to be employed with modulating valve control to achieve uniformly low temperature throughout the cabinet without snow build-up on the cabinet bottom. Some cabinet versions create a cyclonic circulation pattern about a vertical axis that is particularly effective.

Abstract: A method of producing washers and the like from a strip of sheet material having at least one straight edge, in which scrap generation is minimized.

Abstract: Fasteners, such as rivets, are held and guided by a moveable guide block mounted over a plurality belt fasteners for driving through openings in the belt fasteners and into the underlying belt. The belt fasteners are held onto the base means by a clamping bar. The preferred guide block has a groove to receive the clamping bar and the guide block also has a pair of lateral ears to engage belt clamp bars for the purpose of aligning the block relative to the openings in the belt fasteners. A driving pin from a hammer or the like drives the fasteners from the guide block and into and through the openings in the belt fasteners.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrostatically coating an elongated object of indefinite length which is aligned with the straight line path of the elongated object in a continuous manufacturing and finishing process. Electrostatic applicators are mounted to direct the coating into a substantially closed chamber at a portion of the elongated object passing therethrough. To substantially eliminate the explosive hazard occasioned by the use of an organic solvent-based coating material in the presence of electrical equipment, a combustibly inert atmosphere is maintained in the chamber and in an exhaust system leading therefrom. To maintain the electrostatic field, the coating chamber and associated coating equipment must be electrically isolated from ground.

Abstract: A modular vault type load break switch wherein the switching assembly is carried within an oil filled vault such that the operation of the switching mechanism is independent of the vault structure. The switching contact mechanism employs a positive actuator which is energized by the operator and contact movement effected by a remotely controlled mechanism independent of operator contact.

Abstract: A ceiling sweep fan includes a motor depending from a ceiling mount, the motor being supported for rotation on a vertical axis, a plurality of radially extending air impeller blades supported for rotation by the motor, means for providing illumination mounted in radial alignment with the motor, and a shallow bowl-shaped light transmission member covers the motor and the illumination means.

Abstract: In a process for refrigerating protein materials, the material is prepared as a viscous paste at a relatively hot temperature and applied to a refrigerated heat transfer surface on a rotating drum, the temperatures of the protein material and the drum surface having a predetermined differential to cause congealed or frozen liquid at the interface between the protein material and drum surface to initially melt and immediately thereafter congeal or freeze in order to cause adhesion of the protein material to the surface. The protein material is compressed against the drum surface to improve heat transfer characteristics and subsequently removed in a suitably refrigerated or frozen condition. Initial heating may be extended to render excessive fat or to reduce bacterial content. Opposite surfaces of the sheet of material may also be contacted by first and second refrigerated heat transfer surfaces either simultaneously or in successive order.

Abstract: Printed paper novelty items including one or more "pop-ups" and methods for making such items designed for mass production. Promotional items of this type are formed by folding a sheet material blank so that portions constituting pop-up panels are superimposed on portions constituting basepieces. Subsequent folding operation is carried out to sandwich the pop-up panels between the basepieces and to effect adhesive attachment by earlier applied adhesive patterns, and thereafter at least one of the basepieces may be cut to eliminate an original connection between it and a pop-up panel. In the final construction, the basepieces are hinged to each other along a straight line, and each of the pop-up panels is pivotally attached to one of the basepieces along a line at an angle between about 15.degree. and about 70.degree. to the hinge line. The method may be carried out as a part of an overall web press operation or may be carried out through the use of folding machines or through a combination of both.

Abstract: An advertising or promotional item is made by preparing a visual advertising or promotional message and cutting it into a plurality of separate interfitting pieces, substantially all of which have the same shape and size as at least one other piece. After interchanging the locations of most of the pieces to scramble them and hide the message, the scrambled relationship visual image is printed upon sheet material and then die-cut to form the original message pieces arranged in scrambled relationship, whereby the recipient must rearrange the pieces to discover the hidden, advertising or promotional message. Preferably, the message region is divided into three or more substantially identical sections. The die-cut sheet material may be laminated with pressure-sensitive adhesive to a backing sheet having a release coating and may be applied to or formed as a part of the sidewall of a container.

Abstract: A device is described for facilitating repeated cuts with a portable hand-held power saw. The device employs relatively slideable guides for guiding the saw through a cutting path. The saw is attached to one of the sliding guides in a manner such that the saw shoe lies very close to the work-piece surface and is offset from the relatively slideable guide, thereby avoiding substantial reduction in the depth of available cut of the saw.