Abstract: An image forming apparatus is capable of reproducing a read image in combination with a format, without reading a format sheet every time. The format information is read from an external detachable memory, and is combined in the apparatus with the data read by an image reader.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing heater driven by a voltage supplied from a commercial power supply, a transformer for transforming the voltage supplied from the commercial power supply into a predetermined voltage, and supplying the predetermined voltage to a load in the apparatus, and a controller for detecting the voltage transformed by the transformer, and controlling energization to the fixing heater.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously preparing semiconductor devices each comprising a plurality of semiconductor layers being stacked on a moving substrate web; said apparatus comprising a plurality of film-forming chambers by a number equal to the number of said stacked semiconductor layers, each of said film-forming chambers having a film-forming space and beingprovided with means For evacuating said film-forming space, means for supporting said substrate web in said film-forming space, means for maintaining said substrate web at a desired temperature and means for supplying a film-forming raw material gas into said film-forming space; each of said film-forming chambers being provided with a plasma-generating chamber for generating a plasma reactive with said film-forming raw material gas to cause the formation of a semiconductior film on said substrate web in said film-forming space; said plasma-generating chamber comprising a microwave permeable bell jar disposed in a cavity resonator integrated with two impeda

Abstract: A copying machine or the like, is capable of forming different images on one or both sides of a recording sheet. For this purpose, the copying machine has a mechanism for feeding a recording sheet to an image forming station, and another mechanism for re-feeding the sheet to the image forming station, after image formation, for forming a different image on the same or different side of a sheet of recording material.