Abstract: Undesirable vibrations are controlled in a mechanical structure by confining the vibrations to one or more specified areas of the structure and then dissipating the confined energy by damping. Vibration confinement is achieved using a confinement device which effectively applies both translational and torsional forces to the structure. The strength of the translational and torsional forces, and the position of the confinement device are chosen to select a vibrational energy confinement region. Damping elements are concentrated in the vibration confinement region to dissipate the confined vibrational energy. Judicious selection of the confinement region permits the structure to avoid the transfer of vibrational energy to particularly sensitive portions of the structure, or to direct vibrational energy to a portion of the structure. Optimization procedures are presented for designing structures having optimized placement and selection of the vibration confinement device and damping devices.

Abstract: A delay locked loop having improved synchronization times has a variably adjustable delay line which accepts two incoming clock pulses. As each pulse propagates through the delay line an edge of the pulse toggles or retoggles a shift bit corresponding to a delay element. When the first pulse reaches the end of the delay line, the status of the shift bits is frozen, and a starting point for a synchronization sequence begins at the transition point between toggled and retoggled shift bits.

Abstract: A telecommunications network is provided. The network uses a ring of ring switches to provide a transport mechanism for data packets that is transparent to the data and protocols contained in the data packets. This transport mechanism is simple and low cost to implement. Such networks can carry, for example, data to and from the Internet to a subscriber with a cable modem hook-up to a cable network or a DSL modem connection to a copper wire DSL enabled telephone network.

Abstract: Bi-state ferroelectric-MOS (FMOS) capacitors are adapted for use in memory cells of a memory device. Bi-state ferroelectric memory cells have a bottom plate of a capacitor coupled to a first source/drain region of a pass transistor, a gate of the pass transistor coupled to a word line, and a second source/drain region of the pass transistor coupled to a bit line. A plate line is coupled to the top plate of the capacitor to facilitate programming of the polarization state of a ferroelectric portion of the capacitor. The polarization state of the ferroelectric portion of the capacitor causes a depletion or accumulation of electrons in the bottom plate of the capacitor, thus altering its capacitance value. The resulting capacitance value may be sensed without causing a polarization reversal of the ferroelectric portion of the capacitor. Accordingly, bi-state ferroelectric memory cells of the various embodiments function as non-volatile memory cells.

Abstract: A communication system is described. The communication system includes a distribution network and a head end terminal adapted to transmit downstream control data and downstream telephony information in a first frequency bandwidth over the distribution network and adapted to receive upstream telephony information and upstream control data in a second frequency bandwidth over the distribution network. In addition the communication system includes a plurality of service units, each service unit operatively connected to the distribution network for upstream transmission of upstream telephony information and upstream control data in the second frequency bandwidth and for receipt of downstream control data and downstream telephony information in the first frequency bandwidth.

Abstract: A circuit and method for synchronizing a service clock at a destination node with a service clock at a source node for circuit emulation service over a packet network. The method includes receiving data packets from a source node at at least one port of the destination node. At the destination node, the method removes from the data packets residual time stamp (RTS) values that were created at the source node based on at least the service clock at the source node. RTS values are stored in memory at the destination node. The method determines a majority count and a minority count of RTS values over a period of time from the RTS values stored in memory. The method further uses the majority and minority counts to set the frequency of a service clock at the destination node for use in receiving data packets.

Abstract: Integrated circuits, semiconductor devices and methods for making the same are described. Each embodiment shows a diffused, doped backside layer in a device wafer that is oxide bonded to a handle wafer. The diffused layer may originate in the device wafer, in the handle wafer, in the bond oxide or in an additional semiconductor layer of polysilicon or epitaxial silicon. The methods use a thermal bond oxide or a combination of a thermal and a deposited oxide.

Abstract: A memory device can read data stored in memory cells using a differential voltage sensing technique. The memory includes a differential voltage sensing circuit having two input nodes. The nodes of the sensing circuit are pre-charged to an initial voltage level prior to reading the memory cell. The nodes can be pre-charged by charge sharing multiple bit lines. A reference current is coupled to a selected sensing node to increase the voltage potential of that node. At the same time, a word line signal is provided to a memory cell coupled to the selected node. If the memory cell is programmed, so that that it does not conduct current in response to the word line signal, the reference current increases the selected node such that the differential voltage sensing circuit can sense a differential between the two nodes. If the memory cell is not programmed, the memory cell conducts enough current to both discharge the selected sensing node and sink the reference current.

Abstract: A transmission system (10). The transmission system communicates data to a number of subscribers (14a, 14b). The transmission system includes a transceiver (12) that has a number of highly directional antennas (28). A number of digital repeaters (16a, 16b, 16c) are disposed in a geographic region serviced by the transceiver. The repeaters include a sectorized antenna that communicates with subscribers in a number of sectors of the geographic region of the repeater. The repeater also includes an upstream demodulator/modulator circuit (19). The upstream demodulator/modulator circuit demodulates data from signals from subscribers that were modulated with a first modulation technique, and generates a re-modulated signal with the data using a second modulation technique.

Abstract: A system and method for conducting heat from electrical devices mounted on a circuit board is disclosed. A heat sink for conducting the heat is provided that includes a pair of substantially parallel vertical legs and a horizontal member coupled between the pair of substantially parallel vertical legs to form a “U” shape. The horizontal member includes an outer surface and an inner surface both having a layer of thermal interface material. The heat sink is surface mountable to a heat sink mounting pad on a surface of a printed circuit board. The heat sink mounting pad is adjacent to and thermally coupled to a heat transfer pad of an electronic device. The heat sink is thermally coupled to the electronic device.

Abstract: A transmission system (10). The transmission system communicates data to a number of subscribers (14a, 14b). The transmission system includes a transceiver (12) that has a number of highly directional antennas (28). A number of digital repeaters (16a, 16b, 16c) are disposed in a geographic region serviced by the transceiver. The repeaters include a sectorized antenna that communicates with subscribers in a number of sectors of the geographic region of the repeater. The repeater also includes an upstream demodulator/modulator circuit (19). The upstream demodulator/modulator circuit demodulates data from signals from subscribers that were modulated with a first modulation technique, and generates a re-modulated signal with the data using a second modulation technique.

Abstract: A collar is provided that has a sleeve having a tapered axial bore that defines a tapered surface interiorly of the sleeve. The tapered axial bore is adapted to receive a receptacle such that the tapered surface bears against the receptacle. Moreover, the collar has a resilient device that engages the sleeve. The resilient device, the tapered axial bore of the sleeve, and the receptacle receive a connector. Axial displacement of the connector relative to the sleeve and the receptacle compresses the resilient device such that the resilient device exerts an increasing axial force on the sleeve. The increasing axial force displaces the sleeve axially relative to the receptacle causing the tapered surface to exert a radial force on the receptacle.

Abstract: A video game system is described which includes a wireless game controller which stores information about the user of the controller. The controller includes a memory for storing the information. The information is communicated through wireless transmissions to a processor which can operate a video game. The personalized information can include, for example, the user's name, skill level, preferred characters, handicaps, limitations, and/or historical game scores. The game controllers can include a wireless receiver for receiving communications from the processor to update information stored in the controller. Several different communication operations and protocols are described, including storing a user identification code in the controller with corresponding detailed information stored in the processor, or storing detailed information in the hand held controller and down loading the information to the processor.

Abstract: A variable attenuator formed from a combination of PIN diodes is provided. The PIN diodes may be coupled in a “T,” “p” or other appropriate configuration. At radio frequencies (RF), a PIN diode acts as a variable resistor with a resistance value based on the bias current of the PIN diode. To control the attenuation level of the variable attenuator, the bias current of the PIN diodes are selectively adjusted. Digital values relating to selected bias currents, and thus selected attenuation levels, are stored in a memory. These digital values are provided as control signals that set the bias current levels for the PIN diodes. The bias current levels control the attenuation level of the variable attenuator.

Abstract: A method of staggering the arrival of frames of data at a head end in a communication system. The method includes receiving at a first service unit upstream telephony data is described. The telephony data includes a first payload message. The method includes receiving at a second service unit upstream telephony data, wherein the telephony data includes a second payload message. The method further includes formatting the first payload message at the first service unit as a first sequence of frames and formatting the second payload message at the second service unit as a second sequence of frames. In addition, the method includes transmitting the first sequence of frames on a first carrier so as to arrive at the head end at a first time and transmitting the second sequence of frames on a second carrier so as to arrive at the head end at a second time.

Abstract: A ring network for transporting data packets between network devices is provided. The ring network includes a number of ring switches. Each ring switch has at least one ring port, at least one local port and at least one table that self learns which network devices are associated with each port of the ring switch based on a selected source identifier from the packets processed by the ring switch. The source and destination identifiers may, for example, be a media access control (MAC) address from an Ethernet packet, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, at least a portion of a hierarchical address, a combination of two or more identifiers at different protocol levels for the data packet, a port number of a universal datagram protocol, or other appropriate identifier. The at least one ring port of each ring switch is coupled to a ring port of another ring switch in the ring network.

Abstract: A method of burst identification in a communication is described. The method includes receiving, at each of a first set of m service units, a plurality of modulated orthogonal carriers having information modulated thereon in a plurality of bands of a first frequency bandwidth transmitted from a head end terminal, wherein the first band includes at least one control channel. The method further includes scanning, at each of the m service units, the at least one control channel to detect identification information corresponding to each of the m service units to identify a particular band of the plurality of bands that each of the m service units is to use for receiving information from the head end terminal.

Abstract: A monitoring circuit is provided. The monitoring circuit can be used to monitor signals in a cable network. The monitoring circuit includes first and second stages. The first stage has an input and an output. The input is coupled to an external circuit. The first stage scales a voltage received at its input. The second stage is coupled to the output of the first stage. The second stage has a high input impedance and a low output impedance. The second stage buffers a signal at the output of the first stage to an output of the second stage.

Abstract: A memory device can read data stored in memory cells using a differential voltage sensing technique. The memory includes a differential voltage sensing circuit having two input nodes. The nodes of the sensing circuit are pre-charged prior to reading the memory cell. The nodes are pre-charged by charge sharing multiple bit lines. In one embodiment, local bit lines having a first charge are coupled to global bit lines having a second charge to provide a desired pre-charge level. The local and global bit lines can have equal capacitance values. The voltages of the bit lines prior to charge sharing can be any selected value, but in one embodiment the local bit lines are discharged to ground and the global bit lines are charged to Vcc.

Abstract: A compact disc handler includes a picker elevator containing a helically threaded lead screw journaled for rotation about a vertical axis and having a traveling nut thereon to which a disc picker arm is attached. A guideway in the tower cooperates with the picker arm to constrain the picker arm from rotating until reaching a predetermined height elevator. Using this design, a CD can be retrieved from an input hopper, placed in a label printer or other CD publishing/playing device and upon completion of same operation on the disc, it is transported by rotation to an output hopper.