Abstract: In a pulse radar apparatus the receiver is provided with a coherent side-lobe suppressing unit comprising:A. a first and a second transmission channel respectively for directional and omnidirectional reception of r.f. signals, each of said channels having a compression amplifier with the amplitude transfer characteristic y(t)={x(t)}.sup..alpha., where 0<.alpha.<1.B. a subtraction circuit and a phase and amplitude compensating network fed by the subtraction circuit and the second transmission channel to produce signals for the subtraction circuit, the latter signals being equal in phase and amplitude to the signals derived from the first transmission channel and applied to the subtraction circuit.

Abstract: A method of structuring oxide layers, nitride layers or magnetic layers in such manner that a photolacquer mask is manufactured on a substrate and the layer to be structured is provided by means of cathode sputtering both on the photolacquer mask and on the surfaces of the substrate not covered with lacquer. The substrate is then treated with a solvent attacking the lacquer mask; the mask swells up and the parts of the layer to be structured present thereon are chipped off. In order to stimulate this latter process, a layer is provided below the photolacquer mask on the substrate relative to which photolacquer has a small adhesive capacity and, after providing the layer to be structured, an increase in volume of the lacquer mask is produced by thermal treatment. After the complete removal of the photolacquer mask and the parts of the layer to be structured present thereon, the structured thin layer remains on the substrate as a negative of the pattern of the photolacquer mask.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube having a glass envelope with a conductive layer covering a portion of the inner surface of the envelope. The major part of the surface covered by the conductive layer is relatively rough to obtain good adhesion of the conductive layer. An electrode within the tube is connected electrically to the conductive layer by a contact spring that presses against a limited region of the conductive layer. The area of the glass surface that is directly behind this limited region is made sufficiently smooth to prevent the contact spring from being held out of engagement with the conductive layer by glass protuberances projecting through the conductive layer and causing arcing between the contact spring and adjacent areas of the conductive layer.

Abstract: An electronic module having two insulating substrates which are provided with printed wiring and which are connected to circuit elements, and mounted against opposite sides of a heat-dissipating body. The sides of the substrates are remote from the sides supporting the printed wiring and/or thin-layer circuit elements are glued to the heat-dissipating body which is between the substrates, and the required connection leads are enveloped by an insulating envelope.

Abstract: In an automobile incandescent lamp the pinch cooperates with a cap plate which consists of a resilient material and is coupled to the pinch lugs engaging the pinch.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing semiconductor devices comprising a layer of semiconductor material, comprising the steps of providing a strip-shaped solid substrate having a main surface and providing a solid support having a substantially horizontal surface and comprising a substantially floating liquid mass of such semiconductor material on the substantially horizontal surface, the main surface being wettable by the liquid semiconductor material. The liquid mass is contacted with the main surface of said substrate, onto which substrate the layer of semiconductor material is to be provided, the substrate is moved in its longitudinal direction along and in contact with said liquid mass so that a liquid layer of said semiconductor material is formed on said strip and taken along with it, and the liquid layer is substantially progressively solidified.

Abstract: A thermocentrifugal pumping device in which a gaseous medium is supplied to a rotor element rotating about an axis, is first conducted inside the rotor element mainly in a radial direction away from the axis of rotation through a compression duct in which the medium is compressed by centrifugal action and in which heat of compression is withdrawn from the medium, in which the medium inside the rotor elements is then mainly conducted in the radial direction towards the axis of rotation through an expansion duct in which the medium expands against the centrifugal action before leaving the rotor element and in which so much thermal energy is supplied to the medium that the medium temperature in the expansion duct is always higher than the medium temperature in the compression duct so that flow of medium is produced in the rotor element in the direction from the compression duct to the expansion duct.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a passive hermetically sealed electronic component having a coupling element of soft alloy material between the component element and the leads for providing strain relief. The component element is composed of a passive element having coated ends composed of a refractory metallic material for providing reliable electrical and mechanical connection to the coupling element.

Abstract: An opto-electronic coupler uses a light emitter and a photo-sensitive receiver, which are each associated with transparent bodies of revolution having convex and cylindrical portions.

Abstract: A disc-shaped record carrier is described on which information is recorded in an optical structure of trackwise arranged areas and intermediate areas. By adapting the average dimensions of the areas to the average spatial frequencies on the record carrier a read signal can be obtained of sufficient modulation depth and minimal distortion. This is accomplished by increasing the track width with decreasing radius of the record carrier.

Abstract: A method of imaging a three-dimensional object with the aid of coding and decoding using coherent point codes, whereby the object is recorded in two steps, each with a plurality of radiation sources of different orientation on the same recording material.Negatives of the two images are produced, after which the positive of one image is combined with the negative of the other image, the combined images being subsequently multiplied by means of point holograms formed with the aid of a reference wave and a multiplicity of light sources whose co-ordinates correspond to those of the point images of the two source arrays recorded by a pinhole camera, the two multiplied images being superposed in one plane, the coded images being decoded by changing their scale with the aid of two synchronously controlled zoom lenses whereby the coordinates of the point image function of an image of an object layer in the coded images are adapted to the points stored in the two point holograms.

Abstract: Method of recording visible data wherein a polymeric layer containing acetyl acetonate is disposed through an image pattern to a laser beam.

Abstract: An electroless aqueous copper plating bath to which an aromatic nitro compound has been added as a stabilizer.

Abstract: A line sawtooth deflection current generator with modulating means for the purpose of correcting the amplitude variations of the current produced, the said modulating means including a stage operating in the switching mode, a switch of which is connected via a smoothing inductance. A winding coupled to an inductance in the deflection circuit is provided in the branch of the smoothing inductance between the scan capacitor and the switch.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having a hydrogen getter in a metal envelope of which only a part consists of a hydrogen-permeable metal. The getter is arranged in the lamp in such manner that the hydrogen-permeable part of the envelope faces the discharge.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube and an outer envelope which envelopes this tube.In accordance with the improvement there are disposed in the space between the discharge tube and the outer envelope both a capacitor and a glow discharge starter which are both in parallel with the discharge tube. Consequently an external lamp starter is superfluous. In addition the lamp base may be relatively small.

Abstract: A safety interlock system for microwave ovens comprising first and second interconnected switches activated by the oven door. Each switch has make-and-break contacts. The first switch interrupts the current to the microwave source when the door is opened and the second switch monitors the operation of the first switch. The switches are connected in series with a fuse so that a malfunction of either of the switches makes the oven immediately unusable. A delay element is connected within one switch and the first switch is arranged to operate before the second switch when the door is initially opened. The delay element is a negative temperature coefficient (N.T.C) resistor.

Abstract: Phase-locked loop having a controllable oscillator and a phase detector for generating an output signal which is applied as control signal to the oscillator through a loop filter comprising a storage element, which loop filter is switchable under the control of a control circuit between a first state wherein the loop filter has a wide passband and a second state wherein the loop filter has a narrow passband, provided with an arrangement connected to said storage element for determining the instants at which the instantaneous value of the signal stored in the storage element is equal to the average value of the control signal for the oscillator, the control circuit being arranged such that, after locking, switching-over of the loop filter from the first to the second state is done at one of the instants determined by said arrangement.

Abstract: An infra-red imaging device consisting of two sheets of interconnected disks of piezoelectric material, at least one of which has a ferroelectric transition temperature. A metal foil is provided between the sheets and mutually parallel, conductive strips are provided on both outer surfaces of the assembly thus formed, the direction of the strips on the one surface differing from that of the strips on the other surface. A generator for periodic signals which can be sequentially connected to each strip on one of the surfaces of the first sheet generates therein, via a piezoelectric effect, ultrasonic vibrations which are intercepted by the other sheet which converts these vibrations into electric signals. These signals are amplified and carry the image to be examined.