Abstract: Overbased alkaline earth metal sulphonates obtained from monoalkyl orthoxylene or toluene have been found to have reduced foaming tendency as compared with corresponding benzene based sulphonates.

Abstract: A polymeric substance, i.e. poly(isomerized C.sub.12 -C.sub.50 monoolefin), alone or as the alkylation derivative of an aromatic compound in combination with a lubricating oil pour depressant having pendant alkyl groups of 6 to 32 carbon atoms are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: The friction performance of a lubricating oil composition that has been compounded to serve as a functional fluid that is particularly useful in mechanical and hydraulic units containing wet clutches, for example an automotive automatic transmission, is greatly improved by the incorporation of a combination of a friction modifier of the type comprising a straight chain alkenyl or alkyl C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid or the reaction product of an aldehyde/tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane adduct and a long chain dicarboxylic acid anhydride such as an alpha-olefin succinic anhydride; with an overbased detergent salt such as an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of a hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid, an alkyl phenol or a sulfurized alkyl phenol, in certain proportions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-soluble epoxidized fatty acid esters prepared by the epoxidation of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters are useful hydrocarbon additives. Their incorporation into a suitable hydrocarbon functional fluid such as a lubricating oil gives improved antiwear and antifriction properties.

Abstract: Surface active agents for oil in water emulsions and oil recovery comprising salts of alkaryl sulphonic acids and organic bases containing at least one --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n H where n is greater than 1.

Abstract: Alkyl aromatics are prepared by alkylation with a mixture of straight and branched chain olefines. The alkylates may be sulphonated to yield low viscosity sulphonate emulsifiers and are raw materials for producing low foaming overbased sulphonate lubricant additives.

Abstract: Polymers of 1,000 to 50,000 number average molecular weight, comprising 3 to 40 molar proportions of ethylene per molar proportion of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, are prepared using an ester peroxide as the free radical initiator, in a solvent, for use as wax crystal modifiying agents, e.g., pour depressants and flow improvers for middle distillate fuel oil.

Abstract: Compounds suitable as extreme pressure additives for lubricating oils are of the general formulaCX.sub.3 -S-S-Rwhere X is a halogen and R is a hydrocarbyl. The performance of the compounds is improved by the addition of a stabilizer.

Abstract: Method of filtering wherein the filtration rate of and/or consumption rate of filter aid for difficultly filterable slurries is reduced for a plate and frame filter press having alternate solid plates supporting filter means, e.g. a composite clothpaper media and hollow frames for accumulation of filter aid and adapted for compression between a fixed half end plate and a movable half end plate by provision within said press of a chamber immediately adjacent to said movable half end plate, said chamber provided with at least one filtrate input and the sole means for exit of the filtrate from said press.

Abstract: Metal phenates especially overbased phenates are prepared by reacting a basic metallic compound with a mixture of an alkyl phenol and an alkyldihydroxybenzene. The products are useful as lubricant additives with improved antirust properties, and when overbased, with higher basicity and lower viscosity.

Abstract: Lactone oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted lactone carboxylic acids, for example, polybutyl lactone carboxylic acid, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and their derivatives are useful aditives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil, or anti-rust agents for gasoline.

Abstract: Oil-soluble, derivatized ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, e.g. propylene, which are grafted, preferably solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator, with an ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid material and thereafter firstly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a t-amino-amine compound containing only one primary amino group to form imido groups and then secondly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a .alpha.,.omega. primary diamine having at least two primary amine groups, e.g. a poly(alkylene amine) such as diethylene triamine, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric imide, usually succinimide, intermediate and thirdly reacted with an anhydride of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Oil soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) a second polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils.

Abstract: Oil-soluble combinations of (A) ethylene polymer or copolymer, (B) normal paraffinic wax composed of normal hydrocarbons whose average molecular weight is within the range of from 300 to 650, and (C) nitrogen compounds, such as amides, amine salts and ammonium salts, of carboxylic acids or anhydrides, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of distillate hydrocarbon fuel oils. Preferably, the wax contains n-paraffins ranging from C.sub.23 to C.sub.37 inclusive. If desired, the combination can be usefully stabilized by the addition of one or more compatibility additives, i.e. a polymer having alkyl side chains of 6 to 30 carbon atoms and derived from carboxylic acid esters and/or olefins or C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkanol, e.g. tridecyl alcohol or mixtures of said polymer and alkanol.

Abstract: Oil soluble oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted dicarboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride, for example polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM), are useful additives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil or gasoline.

Abstract: An ene adduct and adduct derivatives of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 ethylenically unsaturated nitrogen-containing reactant, e.g. acrylonitrile, and a copolymer of ethylene, at least one C.sub.3 to C.sub.50 alpha-monoolefin and at least one non-conjugated diene, said adduct containing from about 0.005 to 7% by weight nitrogen and having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to 500,000, in oil-soluble form have utility as a multi-functional V.I. improver for lubricating oils.

Abstract: An anticaking composition suitable for fertilizers comprising a hydrophobic liquid having dissolved therein from 0.01 to 20% by weight of an alkylaryl sulphonate derived from an alkylaryl sulphonic acid of molecular weight greater than 400.Also covered are fertilizer granules, e.g. NPK fertilizers coated with this anticaking composition.

Abstract: Petroleum fuel compositions having a kinematic viscosity ranging from about 40 Saybolt Seconds Universal at 38.degree. C. to about 300 Saybolt Seconds Furol at 50.degree. C., e.g. residual fuel oils of grade numbers 4, 5 and 6, which contain dispersed sedimentary asphaltic constituents are stabilized against sedimentation of said constituents by the addition of a minor but sediment-stabilizing proportion of an alkylaryl sulfonic acid having from about 10 to 70 carbons for example, C.sub.28 -C.sub.32 monoalkyl benzene sulfonic acid. The sediment-stabilizing property of the alkylaryl sulfonic acid is particularly useful for blends of distillate petroleum fractions and residua (includes reduced crude) wherein said blend contains from about 5 to about 15 weight percent of residua, based on the total weight of said blend.

Abstract: Ethylene polymers or copolymers, which are pour depressants for middle distillate fuel, in combination with a second polymer having alkyl groups of 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and derived from either dicarboxylic acid esters or olefins, are useful in improving the cold flow properties of middle distillate fuel oils wherein a portion, e.g., 5 wt. % or more, of the fuel boils above 700.degree. F.

Abstract: Lactone oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted lactone carboxylic acids, for example, polybutyl lactone carboxylic acid, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and their derivatives are useful additives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil, or anti-rust agents for gasoline.