Abstract: A fluid having a mineral lubricating oil base and containing the combination of an oil-soluble tris (C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 hydrocarbyl) phosphite ester and an oil-soluble C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 hydrocarbyl substituted phenol, the weight ratio of said phosphite to said phenol ranging from about 4:1 to 1:4, preferably 3:1 to 1:3 whereby elastomer compatibility of said fluid is enhanced. The phosphite ester-substituted phenol combination imparts to the fluid the property of maintaining the chemical and physical properties of seals under oxidizing condition in automatic transmissions, power transmissions and power steering systems and thereby improves retention of the fluid in these mechanical structures; preferably when at least an inhibitory amount of an anti-oxidant capable of trapping free radicals at temperatures above 65.degree. C., preferably 80 .degree. to 200.degree. C. is present.

Abstract: Borated derivatives of: (a) hydrocarbyl substituted mono- and bis-oxazolines obtained as a reaction product of hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride, for example, polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride with from 1 to 2 molar equivalents of a 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethylamino)methane (THAM); and, (b) lactone oxazolines obtained as a reaction product of hydrocarbyl substituted lactone carboxylic acids, for example, polybutyl lactone carboxylic acid, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM), and their derivatives are useful additives in lubricating oils since both the sludge dispersant and/or varnish inhibiting properties of said oil are enhanced.

Abstract: Lubricating oil containing a sulfurized dihydroxy benzene of formula ##STR1## WHERE N IS 1 TO 4, M IS 1 TO 3 AND R is an alkyl group containing at least 7 carbon atoms. These compounds impart anti-rust and anti-oxidancy to the oil with reduced copper corrosion.

Abstract: Copolymers, having a degree of crystallinity of 3 up to 25 weight percent, comprising about 68 to 80 mole % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 alpha-olefins are mechanically degraded at elevated temperatures, in the presence of air or oxygen-containing gas, to form an oxygenated-degraded polymer, which is reacted with an amine compound. Preferably, the polymer is only partially reacted with the amine. The resulting aminated polymers are useful as sludge dispersants for fuels and lubricants. When the aminated polymers have a high molecular weight, they are also useful as viscosity-index improvers.

Abstract: The combination of an oil-soluble oxazoline reaction product having a (M.sub.n) of from about 1,000 to 3500, e.g., the reaction product of polybutenyl succinic anhydride with tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and an oil-soluble acylated nitrogen compound having a (M.sub.n) of from about 1300 to 8,000, e.g. polybutenyl succinic anhydride reacted with tetraethylene pentamine which nitrogen compound can be borated, if desired, are surprisingly useful as combined additives for lubricating oils to increase the dispersancy and varnish inhibition properties of said oil when one part per weight of said oxazoline reaction product is combined with from 0.2 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, parts by weight of said acylated nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Middle distillate oils are improved with respect to flow and pour point by incorporating therein halogenated polymers comprised of ethylene and free radical polymerizable monomers containing polar groups. The halogenated ethylene-polar monomer copolymers are found to be more effective flow improvers and pour depressants than non-halogenated ethylene-polar monomer copolymers. Preferred polymeric additives include the ethylene-isobutyl acrylate copolymers and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing from about 5 to about 25 wt.% chlorine.

Abstract: Producing overbased carbonates by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxyalkoxide in the presence of a phenolic or sulphonic surfactant and carbonating the product of hydrolysis.

Abstract: Oil soluble oxazoline reaction products of hydrocarbon substituted dicarboxylic acid, ester, or anhydride, for example polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, with 2,2-disubstituted-2-amino-1-alkanols, such as tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM), are useful additives in oleaginous compositions, such as sludge dispersants for lubricating oil or gasoline.

Abstract: Adducts are formed in a process which involves the reaction of an olefin, including olefin polymers, with a dimeric thionophosphine sulfide. Further derivatives may be formed by reacting the resulting olefin-thionophosphine sulfide adduct products with amines, e.g., alkylene polyamines, aziridines, phosphines or metal salts, e.g., zinc salts. Or, alkylene polyamine- or aziridine- treated olefin-thionophosphine sulfide reaction products may be further reacted with metal salts, e.g., zinc acetate. A representative material can be prepared by reacting polyisobutylene with an arylthionophosphine sulfide, and then further reacting the resulting cyclic bis(phosphinodithioic acid) anhydride product with an alkylene polyamine or aziridine, which in turn, may be further modified by reaction with zinc acetate.The oil soluble olefin-thionophosphine sulfide products, as well as its oil soluble derivatives outlined above, may be used as additives for lubricating oil, and petroleum fuels, e.g., gasoline or fuel oil.

Abstract: An oil-soluble addition product of a catalyzed condensation reaction of an anionically polymerizable monomer, preferably an ethylenically unsaturated nitrogen-containing monomer, e.g. acrylonitrile, with an oxidized copolymer of ethylene and at least one C.sub.3 to C.sub.50 alpha monoolefin, e.g. propylene, said addition product in its preferred form containing from about 0.005 to 2% by weight nitrogen and having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to 500,000, has utility as a multifunctional V.I. improver or dispersant for lubricating oils.

Abstract: The combination of an oil-soluble borated acylated nitrogen compound (e.g., borated polybutenylsuccinic anhydride reacted with polyamine) and solvent oil is usefully added to gasoline fuel for combustion in a spark ignition internal combustion engine exhibiting dieseling (also known as after-run or run-on) whereby said combustion results in alleviation of said dieseling.

Abstract: Ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha olefins, e.g. ethylene-propylene, are solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures with an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid material in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator and thereafter reacted with a polyfunctional material reactive with carboxy groups; such as (a) a polyamine, or (b) a polyol, or (c) a hydroxyamine, or mixtures thereof, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric derivatives, which have good engine sludge and varnish control behavior in fuels and lubricating oils. If the molecular weight is above 10,000, then these polymers are also useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Abstract: Polymers of 1,000 to 50,000 and preferably of 1,000 to 2,900 number average molecular weight, comprising 3 to 40 molar proportions of ethylene per molar proportion of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, are prepared by free radical catalysis in a solvent at temperatures of less than 130.degree. C. in order to minimize ethylene branching, for use as wax crystal modifying agents, e.g. pour depressants and flow improvers for distillate mineral oil, e.g. middle distillate fuel oil.

Abstract: A lubricant containing compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl.

Abstract: Electrical oils which are blends of specified trialkyl benzenes and mineral oils have improved gas absorption and oxidation stability.

Abstract: Oligomerizing propylene using a Friedel Crafts catalyst at a temperature in the range -10.degree. to 80.degree. C and hydrogenating the oligomer so obtained to produce oils useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Certain high boiling (e.g. above 600.degree. F) fuel oils, such as atmospheric residua fuel oils, and vacuum distillate fuels, e.g., flash distillate oils, vacuum bottoms, and various fuel blends containing said oils, which are deficient in an asphaltene component can be made more responsive to polymeric flow improvers by treating them with certain asphaltene materials. These asphaltene materials may be added either directly to the oil or first combined with the flow improver and the combination added to the oil. The polymeric flow improvers are polymers having long linear side chains. The asphaltene materials added to the oil, will generally have a heptane precipitatable asphaltene content of 5 to 100% by weight and can either be asphaltenes per se, or an oil fraction high in asphaltenes.

Abstract: A hydrogenated copolymer produced by copolymerization of from about 1 to about 10 mol percent butadiene and at least one other C.sub.5 to C.sub.12 conjugated diene, and, if desired, in order to provide a block copolymer, up to 45 mole percent of a vinyl aromatic monomer, upon addition to lubricating oils containing a pour point depressing amount of an oil-soluble polymeric pour depressant, provides viscosity modification, oxidative and shear stability with excellent low temperature viscometric properties.

Abstract: Sulfone copolymeric oil additives having utility as a lubricating oil pour point depressant, viscosity index improver, dispersant, load carrying agent, rust inhibitor and/or antioxidant, or as a cold flow improver for heavy distillates and residual fuels, comprise the hydrocarbon soluble copolymers of an ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer and sulfur dioxide. This sulfone copolymer may contain one or more additional monomers including: C.sub.2 to C.sub.50, preferably at least C.sub.6, substantially linear alpha olefins; C.sub.2 to C.sub.12, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.9, cyclic olefins; and, C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 conjugated diolefins.

Abstract: Ester derivatives of 1-aza-3,7-dioxabicyclo [3.3.0] oct-5-yl methyl alcohols which are the reaction products of organic acid materials, preferably long chain dicarboxylic anhydrides such as octadecenyl and polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides and aldehyde/tris [hydroxy-methyl] aminomethane (THAM) adducts or mixtures are oleaginous compositions which feature activity in gasoline as rust inhibitors and carburetor detergents; in automatic transmission fluids as friction modifiers and rust inhibitors; and, in automotive, industrial and lubricating oils as sludge dispersants, rust-inhibitors, friction modifiers and copper alloy corrosion inhibitors, the particular use depending on the molecular weight of the ester.