Abstract: The present invention is a composition having improved water tolerance properties which is adapted for use as a functional fluid or lubricating composition. The composition is comprised of a major amount of a synthetic or mineral oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of a water tolerance fix compound. The water tolerance fix compound is present in an amount which is effective to improve the water tolerance properties of the composition as a whole which amount is in the range of from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the oil. The water tolerance fix compound is prepared by reacting a nitrogen-containing phosphorus-free carboxylic acid (A) with an alkanol tertiary monoamine (B) to form an ester-salt reaction product. The water tolerance fix compound is present in the oil along with 5 parts by weight of water or less per 100 parts by weight of the oil.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: Functional fluids characterized as effective over a wide range of temperature including very high temperatures can be prepared, comprising:(A) a major amount of at least one synthetic base oil; and minor amount of(B) at least one phenolic compound selected from the group consisting of(B-1) metal-free, hindered phenols substituted with at least one alkyl group containing at lease about 6 carbon atoms, and alkylene coupled derivatives thereof;(B-2) neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of hindered phenols which are not alkylene or sulfur-coupled;(B-3) metal-free alkyl phenol sulfides or neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl phenol sulfides; and(B-4) neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of alkylene-coupled phenols; and(C) at least one non-phenolic antioxidant.

Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These heterocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Improved grease compositions comprise a major amount of an oil based metal soap thickened base grease selected from the group consisting of complex and failed complex greases, at least one sulfur and phosphorus containing composition alone or together with an overbased metal salt of an organic acid and a hydrocarbyl phosphite, in amounts sufficient to increase the dropping point of the base grease, as measured by ASTM Procedure D-2265 by at least 15.degree. C., the phosphorus and sulfur compound being described in detail herein.

Abstract: This invention provides for water-oil emulsions comprising water, oil and a minor emulsifying amount of the reaction product of: (A) at least one saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms; (B) at least one acid of the general formula C.sub.19 H.sub.n COOH, wherein n is a number in the range of about 27 to about 31, and having a phenathrene nucleus; and (C) at least one amine. In one hydroxy embodiment, the oil employed in these emulsions can be any oil, the water content of these emulsions being up to about 30% by weight. In a preferred embodiment, the oil employed is crude oil. These emulsions can be facilitatingly pumped through a conduit even when the oil employed is a viscous crude oil. These emulsions are useful as a combustible fuel when the water content is below about 30% by weight.

Abstract: Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal salts of the general formulaA.sup.y- M.sup.y+ (I)wherein M represents one or more metal ions, y is the total valence of all M and A represents one or more anion containing groups having a total of about y individual anionic moieties and each antion containing group is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein each group in (II) is as described in the specification. These salts find utility in lubricants and fuels other than 2-cycle engine lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: This invention is directed to lubricating oil and functional fluid compositions having improved high temperature stability and which contain at least one phosphorus-containing composition and at least one oil-soluble nitrogen-containing composition. More particularly, the lubricating and functional fluid compositions of the present invention comprise (A) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, and a minor amount of (B-1) at least one soluble tertiary aliphatic primary amine salt of a substituted phosphoric acid composition characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group, and both X groups are either O or S, and (C) at least one soluble nitrogen-containing composition prepared by the reaction of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid-producing compound with at least about one-half equivalent, per equivalent of acid producing compound, of an amine containing at least one hydrogen attached to a nitrogen atom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition containing the combination of:(A) at least one vegetable or synthetic triglyceride,(B) esters from the transesterification of at least one animal or vegetable oil triglyceride,(C) a pour point depressant, and(D) a performance additive.The composition may optionally contain(E) other oils.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of a normally liquid fuel and a minor amount of at least one compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each Ar is independently an aromatic group having from 4 to about 30 carbon atoms and from 0 to 3 optional substituents selected from the group consisting of amino, hydroxy- or alkyl- polyoxyalkyl, nitro, aminoalkyl, carboxy or combinations of two or more of said optional substituents, each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.1 is H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each, independently, H or a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.4 is a monovalent terminating group, each m is independently 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 10, x ranges from 0 to about 8, and each Z is independently OH, lower alkoxy, (OR.sup.5).sub.b OR.sup.6 or O.sup.- wherein each R.sup.5 is independently a divalent hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.

Abstract: A lubricating composition is described which comprises a mixture of (A) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, (B) a dispersant effective amount of at least one ashless dispersant, and (C) a minor, effective amount of at least one demulsifier characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently H or hydrocarbyl groups, and X is O or NR' wherein R' is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group.In one embodiment, the ashless dispersant is a carboxylic dispersant, and the demulsifier is a derivative of imidazoline. The lubricating compositions of the invention are characterized as having improved dispersancy, demulsibility, rust-inhibition and anti-wear properties.

Abstract: A metal overbased composition is disclosed that comprises(A) at least one natural oil comprising an animal oil or vegetable oil comprising a triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and(B) a metal base oxide (MO), hydroxide (MOH) or alkoxide (R.sup.4 OM) wherein the metal comprises an alkali or alkaline earth and R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein the equivalent ratio of (A):(B) is from 0.90-10:1 to form a sponified intermediate, adding 2-11 equivalents of (B) per equivalent of formed saponified intermediate and reacting excess (B) with(C) an acidic gas comprising carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide. This composition may also be gelled to produce a rheology control agent.

Abstract: A graft polymer is prepared by grafting, onto a polymeric substantially saturated hydrocarbon backbone, a free-radical polymerizable vinyl nitrogen monomer, which grafting takes place with improved efficiency in the presence of minor amounts of a volatile aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted aromatic solvent capable of free-radical hydrogen atom chain transfer. The modified hydrocarbon based polymer finds utility as an additive for lubricating oils, particularly as dispersant-viscosity improvers for engine oils.

Abstract: A functional fluid is disclosed which comprises(A) at least one triglyceride;(B) at least one detergent-inhibitor additive; and(C) at least one viscosity modifying additive and further comprising (D) at least one synthetic oil.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: A multipurpose functional fluid is disclosed which is comprised of a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil and a minor amount, sufficient to improve characteristics of the fluid of a novel additive. The additive is comprised of a calcium salt complex, a group II metal dithiophosphate salt, a borated epoxide, a carboxylic solubilizer and a sulfurized composition.

Abstract: Dioxolanes, thio analogs thereof, and derivatives of these and methods of preparation are described. These materials are useful as additives in lubricants and fuels. Methods for reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines employing the lubricating compositions are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-cycle engine lubricant composition, comprising (A) at least one dispersant, (B) at least one reaction product of a fatty acid and a polyamine, and (C) at least about 25% by weight of the composition of at least one varnish dissolver selected from (a) keto-alcohols, (b) carboxylic esters having up to a total of 24 carbon atoms and (c) alkoxy alcohols, and (D) at least about 15% by weight of the composition of at least one fluidizing oil, and a method, comprising the steps of introducing into a two-cycle internal combustion engine a fuel-lubricant mixture comprising a major amount of a fuel and a minor amount sufficient to increase compression or release stuck piston rings, of the two-cycle engine lubricant composition.

Abstract: Nitrogen-free esters of a carboxy-containing interpolymer, wherein the interpolymer has an inherent viscosity ranging from about 0.05 to 1.5 are disclosed. The esters are useful as additives in functional fluids including transmission fluids (both automatic and manual), hydraulic fluids and gear fluids. The transmission, hydraulic and gear fluids containing the esters exhibit improved shear stability while maintaining desired high and low temperature viscosity characteristics.