Abstract: This invention relates to compositions which are useful as additives in lubricants and fuels, and more particularly, to additives which are chlorine-free or contain only minor amounts of chlorine. More particularly, carboxylic compositions are described which are prepared by reacting a terpolymer derived from a mixture of monomers comprising ethylene, an alpha-olefin containing 3 to about 20 carbon atoms, and a non-conjugated polyene with an alpha,beta-monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid or reactive derivative thereof. These carboxylic compositions may be used in lubricating oil or fuel compositions or may be used to form carboxylic derivative compositions which are useful in lubricating oil and fuel compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein in Formula (A-I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently O or S, and n is zero to 3; and (B) an acylated nitrogen-containing compound having a substituent of at least 10 aliphatic carbon atoms, In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (C) a second phosphorus compound other than (A), said second phosphorus compound being a phosphorus acid, phosphorus acid ester, phosphorus acid salt, or derivative thereof, In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (D) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic sulfur acid, carboxytic acid or phenol. In one embodiment, the inventive composition further comprises (E) a thiocarbamate. These compositions are useful in providing lubricating compositions and functional fluids with enhanced antiwear properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing the chlorine content of an organochlorine compound comprising: introducing into the organochlorine compound, at least one Lewis acid to form a mixture, and contacting the organochlorine compound with the Lewis acid in the mixture in the absence of elemental carbon for a sufficient amount of time to reduce the chlorine content of the organochlorine compound. In another embodiment, a process is described for reducing the chlorine content of an organochlorine compound comprising contacting the organochlorine compound with (a) at least one acid selected from the group consisting of Lewis acids, mineral acids other than hydriodic acid and hydrobromic acid, and organic acids having a pKa of less than about 2, and (b) a source of iodine or bromine in the absence of elemental carbon for a sufficient amount of time to reduce the chlorine content of the organochlorine compound.

Abstract: Salt compositions are disclosed which comprise: (A) at least one salt moiety derived from: A) at least one salt moiety derived from (A)(I) at least one high-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (A)(I) having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (A)(II) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;(B) at least one salt moiety derived from (B)(I) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (B)(I) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having an average of up to about 18 carbon atoms, and (B)(II) ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and/or at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound;said components (A) and (B) being coupled together by (C) at least one compound having (i) two or more primary amino groups, (ii) two or more se

Abstract: Conventional low vinylidene polyolefins are condensed with hydroxyaromatics under the influence of macroreticular ion exchange resins in acid form to yield alkylated hydroxyaromatics.

Abstract: A lubricant composition is described which is useful as a chain bar lubricant for chain saws. The composition comprises(A) at least one triglyceride wherein the ratio of the oleic acid moiety:linoleic acid moiety is from about 2 up to about 90,(B) at least one viscosity modifying additive, and(C) at least one tackifier.Optionally, the composition may also contain(D) at least one pour point depressant and(E) at least one antiwear agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising: a mixture of a brine and a liquid oil, and (A) an emulsifying amount of (i) at least one reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent, and at least one of (a) ammonia, (b) an alcohol, (c) an amine, (d) or mixtures thereof, or at least one salt of the reaction product; or (ii) at least one reaction product of a hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, and an amine. The compositions of the present invention have beneficial emulsification properties. These compositions are useful in drilling, working over and completing well-bore holes. The well-drilling compositions of the present invention have beneficial viscosity, pumping and suspension properties.

Abstract: A functional fluid composition having improved gear performance comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity, and added thereto(a) an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt complex in the form of borated and/or non-borated salts;(b) an EP/antiwear agent comprising a mixture of zinc salts of dialkylphosphorodithioic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid heated with triphenyl phosphite or an olefin; and(c) a borated epoxide.The oil of lubricating viscosity has a kinematic viscosity of at least 4 cSt and 100.degree. C. and a -40.degree. C. Brookfield viscosity of less than 20,000.

Abstract: A process for preparing an amide of a bis (hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxyaryl) acetic acid by reacting a lactone produced in the reaction between the glyoxylic acid and phenol with a polyamine in the presence of an alcohol solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lubricating composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and at least one metal-free thiophosphorus acid ester, at least one amine salt of the thiophosphorus acid ester, or a mixture thereof, wherein the thiophosphorus acid ester contains at least one hydrocarbyl terminated oxyalkylene group, at least one hydrocarbyl terminated polyoxyalkylene group, or a mixture thereof. In one embodiment, the thiophosphorus acid ester is a thiophosphorus acid ester represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 are oxygen or sulfur, provided that at least one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 is sulfur; R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group; R.sub.2 is an alkylene group; R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group; x is a number from 1 to about 40; and a is 0, 1, or 2, or at least one salt of the thiophosphorus acid ester.

Abstract: The reaction product of a hydroxyaromatic compound, at least some of the units of which are hydrocarbyl-substituted, a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, and an aldehyde other than a carboxy-substituted aldehyde, provides an additive for lubricants as well as an intermediate for further reaction with amines, alcohols, or neutralization to form a salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, comprising: (A) a Mannich dispersant having a base number in the range of about 45 to about 90; (B) a boron compound; and (C) an organic phosphorus acid or ester, or derivative of said phosphorus acid or ester. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (D) a thiocarbamate. In one embodiment, this composition further comprises (E) a nitrogen-containing ester of a carboxy-containing interpolymer. These compositions are useful as additives for lubricants and functional fluids, and are particularly useful as additives for automatic transmission fluids for enhancing the torque characteristics such automatic transmission fluids.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising a mixture of a brine and a liquid oil, and (A) an emulsifying amount of (i) at least one reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent, and at least one of (a) ammonia, (b) an alcohol, or (c) an amine, or at least one salt of the reaction product; or (ii) at least one reaction product of a hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, and an amine, and (B) at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyalkylene amine, a polyoxyalkylene amide, a polyoxyalkylene alcohol, a polyoxyalkylene phenol, a polyoxyalkylene ester, a fatty acid salt, an amine or an alkaline earth or transition metal sulfonate, or a reaction product of a hydroxyamine or a polyalkylenepolyamine with an acylating agent selected from the group consisting of a fatty monocarboxylic acylating agents, a dicarboxylic acylating agent other than a succinic acylating agent, and a tricarboxylic acylating agent.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a tertiary alkyl group containing from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms and each of X, Y and Z is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group, provided at least one of X, Y and Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, and wherein R.sub.1 is different from the at least one of X, Y and Z that is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 7 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkylene or alkylidene group, and n is a number ranging from zero to about 4. Also disclosed are methods for preparing novel phenolic compounds, organic compositions, including lubricants based on oils of lubricating viscosity and fuels based on normally liquid fuels and additive concentrates containing the novel phenolic compounds of this invention.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition is described which comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and(A) at least about 1% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting(A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the substituent with(A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN<group; and(B) at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid having a metal ratio of greater than 2 in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, comprising the steps of:introducing into a well borehole a composition, comprising water, an acid, and (A) at least one reaction product of (A-1) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acylating agent, a succinic acylating agent, a Dieis-Alder diacid, a dimer acid acylating agent, a tricarboxylic acylating agent, a polycarboxylic acylating agent, or mixtures thereof, and (A-2) at least one amine-terminated polyoxyalkylene or (A-3) at least one hydroxy-terminated polyoxyalkylene having a number average molecular weight from about 600 to about 30,000, or a mixture of said (A-2) amine-terminated polyoxyalkylenes and (A-3) hydroxy-terminated polyoxyalkylenes. The reaction product (A) may be used alone, or in combination with one or more surfactants.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrorheological fluids are described which comprise a major amount of a hydrophobic liquid phase and a minor amount of a dispersed particulate phase of a polyaniline prepared by polymerizing aniline in the presence of an oxidizing agent and from about 0.1 to about 1.6 moles of an acid per mole of aniline to form an acid salt of polyaniline, and thereafter treating the acid salt with a base. The polyanilines may be prepared from aniline or from mixtures of aniline and other monomers such as pyrroles, vinyl pyridines, vinyl pyrrolidones, thiophenes, vinylidene halides, phenothiazines, imidazolines, N-phenyl-p-phenylene diamines or mixtures thereof. The electrorheological fluids prepared in accordance with the present invention are useful in a variety of applications including flotational coupling devices such as clutches for automobiles or industrial motors, transmissions, brakes or tension control devices; and linear damping devices such as shock absorbers, engine mounts and hydraulic actuators.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly lubricating grease composition as well as several processes for preparing the grease composition is desecribed which comprises(A) a base oil wherein the base oil is a natural oil or synthetic triglyceride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aliphatic groups that contain from about 7 to about 23 carbon atoms and(B) a thickener wherein the thickener (B) is a reaction product of (B1) a metal based material and (B2) a carboxylic acid or its ester, wherein the metal based material (B1) comprises a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal carbonate or metal bicarbonate, wherein the metal is an alkali or alkaline earth metal and wherein the carboxylic acid (B2) is of the formula R.sup.4 (COOR.sup.5).sub.n where R.sup.4 is an aliphatic or hydroxy substituted aliphatic group that contains from 4 to about 29 carbon atoms, R.sup.

Abstract: A composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity, an antioxidant, an anti-nitration agent, and optionally a borated product of an epoxide or the reactive equivalent of an epoxide, provides a desirable lubricant for diesel or natural gas-fueled engines. The composition is substantially free from metals and preferably substantially free from phosphorus. The amount of the antioxidant the anti-initration agent are sufficient to reduce the amount of varnish formation in a natural gas engine.

Abstract: A deodorized polysulfide composition, comprising a major amount of polysulfide material and a minor but effective amount of a deodorizing composition comprising an oil-soluble tertiary alkanolamine of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently alkyl groups of about 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and a monohydric alkyl alcohol containing up to about 12 carbon atoms is disclosed.