Abstract: The present invention provides for a novel salt composition comprising: (A) at least one salt moiety derived from (A)(I) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acylating agent, said hydrocarbyl-substituent of said acylating agent (A)(I) having a number average molecular weight of at least about 280, and (A)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; (B) at least one salt moiety derived from (B)(I) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (B)(I) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having up to about 18 carbon atoms, and (B)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; said moieties (A) and (B) being coupled together b

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a composition comprising:(A) at least 50% by weight of a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon having one or two carbon atoms; and(B) from about 9% to about 30% by weight of a phosphorus-containing lubricant composition comprising at least one compound characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups or hydrocarbyloxyalkylene groups and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together have from 2 to about 24 carbon atoms excluding any oxyalkylene carbon atoms; and Z is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.The present invention provides phosphorous-containing compositions which are compatible with fluorine-containing hydrocarbons used in refrigerators and air-conditioners, and are accordingly useful as refrigeration liquids in refrigerators and air-conditioners including auto, home, and industrial air-conditioners.

Abstract: This invention relates to lubricating compositions comprising:(A) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity;(B) at least one borated overbased Group I or II metal salt of an organic acid;(C) at least one polysulfide-containing organic composition; and(D) at least one phosphorus-containing composition other than a zinc dithiophosphate.Lubricating compositions of the present invention have beneficial viscosity and friction characteristics required by a manual transmission as well as beneficial extreme pressure protection required for a gear assembly.

Abstract: This invention relates to water-in-oil emulsion explosives in which an oxidizing material is contained in the discontinuous water phase, and the continuous oil phase acts as a carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, this invention relates to such explosives in which polyfunctional carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, or phosphorous-containing acids, soluble in the oil phase, are caused to cross-link using an inorganic cross-linker, thereby causing the viscosity of the emulsion to increase.

Abstract: Gelled overbased materials are prepared by mixing an overbased composition of a metal salt of an organic acid material containing at least 8 carbon atoms, a metal salt of an organic acid material containing fewer than 6 carbon atoms, and a metal carbonate in an oleophilic medium, with an alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture, and heating the mixture.

Abstract: A lubricant composition having improved viscosity index characteristics is described that comprises(A) at least one vegetable or synthetic triglyceride oil of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having at least 60 percent monounsaturated character and containing from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms and further wherein an oleic acid moiety:linoleic acid moiety is from about 2 up to about 90 and(B) at least one mixed ester of a carboxy-containing interpolymer.Optionally, the composition may also contain(C) a synthetic ester base oil, and(D) an antioxidant.

Abstract: This invention relates to low-sulfur diesel fuels which are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. These fuels contain an effective amount of an organometallic complex to lower the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The sulfur content of these diesel fuels is no more than about 0.1% by weight, preferably no more than about 0.05% by weight. The organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i), the metal being any metal capable of reducing the ignition temperature of the exhaust particles. The functional groups include .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR and --N.dbd.CR.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition having improved water tolerance properties which is adapted for use as a functional fluid or lubricating composition. The composition is comprised of a major amount of a synthetic or mineral oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of a water tolerance fix compound. The water tolerance fix compound is present in an amount which is effective to improve the water tolerance properties of the composition as a whole which amount is in the range of from about 0.1 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the oil. The water tolerance fix compound is prepared by reacting a nitrogen-containing phosphorus-free carboxylic acid (A) with an alkanol tertiary monoamine (B) to form an ester-salt reaction product. The water tolerance fix compound is present in the oil along with 5 parts by weight of water or less per 100 parts by weight of the oil.

Abstract: A composition of an oil-soluble, olefin-based polymer and an oil-soluble polar polymer having nitrogen functionality, wherein the polymers in combination in oil exhibit incompatibility as evidenced by phase separation, shows improved compatibility by addition to the mixture of certain hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxyaromatic materials.

Abstract: Improved additives/detergents for lubricant and fuel compositions are obtained by condensing a hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyaryl compound with an amine compound. The condensates according to the present invention are produced by the acid catalyzed condensation of the amine reactant with the hydroxy reactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity or water and a reaction product of at least one dimercaptothiadiazole or derivative thereof; and at least one aliphatic olefin or salt of the reaction product. These reaction products generally show an ability to improve antiwear (including extreme pressure) and antioxidant properties in lubricants.

Abstract: Functional fluids characterized as effective over a wide range of temperature including very high temperatures can be prepared, comprising:(A) a major amount of at least one synthetic base oil; and minor amount of(B) at least one phenolic compound selected from the group consisting of(B-1) metal-free, hindered phenols substituted with at least one alkyl group containing at lease about 6 carbon atoms, and alkylene coupled derivatives thereof;(B-2) neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of hindered phenols which are not alkylene or sulfur-coupled;(B-3) metal-free alkyl phenol sulfides or neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl phenol sulfides; and(B-4) neutral and basic alkaline earth metal salts of alkylene-coupled phenols; and(C) at least one non-phenolic antioxidant.

Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These heterocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: The invention deals with viscosity improvers which are .alpha.-olefin polymers and are particularly useful in lubricating compositions comprising (A) a liquid .alpha.-olefin polymer having a number average molecular weight from about 2,000 to about 100,000 and having derived from .alpha.-olefins having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, provided further that (A) has a bimodal molecular weight distribution having (i) a peak molecular weight maximum at 2,000 to 5,000 for a lower molecular weight component and (ii) a peak molecular weight maximum at 50,000 to 75,000 for a higher molecular weight component; (B) an oil of lubricating viscosity and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of a friction modifier, a sulfurized olefin, an ash-producing detergent and, an ashless dispersant.

Abstract: Improved grease compositions comprise a major amount of an oil based metal soap thickened base grease selected from the group consisting of complex and failed complex greases, at least one sulfur and phosphorus containing composition alone or together with an overbased metal salt of an organic acid and a hydrocarbyl phosphite, in amounts sufficient to increase the dropping point of the base grease, as measured by ASTM Procedure D-2265 by at least 15.degree. C., the phosphorus and sulfur compound being described in detail herein.

Abstract: The present invention describes additives for fuels for use in diesel engines.

Abstract: This invention provides for water-oil emulsions comprising water, oil and a minor emulsifying amount of the reaction product of: (A) at least one saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms; (B) at least one acid of the general formula C.sub.19 H.sub.n COOH, wherein n is a number in the range of about 27 to about 31, and having a phenathrene nucleus; and (C) at least one amine. In one hydroxy embodiment, the oil employed in these emulsions can be any oil, the water content of these emulsions being up to about 30% by weight. In a preferred embodiment, the oil employed is crude oil. These emulsions can be facilitatingly pumped through a conduit even when the oil employed is a viscous crude oil. These emulsions are useful as a combustible fuel when the water content is below about 30% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to copper-containing organometallic complexes, and to concentrates and diesel fuels containing said complexes. The diesel fuels are useful with diesel engines equipped with exhaust system particulate traps. The copper-containing organometallic complex is used for lowering the ignition temperature of exhaust particles collected in the trap. The copper-containing organometallic complex is soluble or stably dispersible in the diesel fuel and is derived from (i) an organic compound containing at least two functional groups attached to a hydrocarbon linkage, and (ii) a copper-containing metal reactant capable of forming a complex with the organic compound (i). The functional groups are .dbd.X, --XR, --NR.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, .dbd.NR, .dbd.NXR, .dbd.N--R*--XR, ##STR1## --CN, --N.dbd.NR or --N.dbd.CR.sub.2 ; wherein X is O or S, R is H or hydrocarbyl, R* is hydrocarbylene or hydrocarbylidene, and a is a number (e.g., zero to about 10).

Abstract: Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal salts of the general formulaA.sup.y- M.sup.y+ (I)wherein M represents one or more metal ions, y is the total valence of all M and A represents one or more anion containing groups having a total of about y individual anionic moieties and each antion containing group is a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein each group in (II) is as described in the specification. These salts find utility in lubricants and fuels other than 2-cycle engine lubricants and fuels.