Abstract: This invention is a method for reducing chip bleed in flavor-chip containing baked goods, particularly in cookies. "Chip bleed" is a migration of material from the chip into the dough or crumb of the baked good.The method comprises adding to the dough from about 0.5% to about 5% of an emulsifier which is predominantly crystalline at room temperature to form a stable dough emulsion. The emulsifier is selected from: (a) fatty acid mono-diglycerides having from about 35% to about 99% monoglycerides and from about 1% to about 50% diglycerides, wherein at least about 65% of the fatty acids are selected from C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 saturated fatty acids and C.sub.18 trans-unsaturated fatty acids; (b) polyol esters having an average of from about 4 to about 14 hydroxyl groups, wherein from about 10% to about 66% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified, and wherein at least about 65% of the fatty acids are selected from C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 saturated fatty acids and C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is concentrated orange flavor and aroma compositions prepared by the extraction of organic orange flavor and aroma compounds by a dense solvent gas. The compositions are characterized by high concentrations of ethyl butyrate (at least about 0.50%) and valencene (at least about 5%), and a low concentration of decanal (less than about 0.35%). They are prepared by a process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting organic orange flavor and aroma compounds with a solvent gas having a temperature between its critical temperature and about 100.degree. C. (212.degree. F.), and having a reduced pressure between about 0.56 and about 1.31, to extract flavor and aroma compounds the majority of which have a molecular weight less than or equal to that of limonene; (b) separating the solvent gas and dissolved compounds from the remaining undissolved compounds; and (c) separating the dissolved compounds from the solvent gas.

Abstract: The invention is a method for the removal of off-flavor from a textured vegetable product by extraction with a gas in the supercritical fluid or liquid state. The method for supercritical fluid extraction of off-flavors comprises the steps of: (a) extracting off-flavors from the textured vegetable product by contacting it with a supercritical fluid gas in a pressurized container; and (b) removing the gas and off-flavors from the textured vegetable product. Liquid extraction comprises the steps of: (a) extracting the off-flavors from the textured vegetable product by contacting it with a liquid gas in a pressurized container; and (b) removing the gas and off-flavors from the textured vegetable product. The temperature and pressure of the gas may be varied to maintain it in the supercritical fluid or liquid state. Carbon dioxide is a preferred gas.

Abstract: This invention comprises crumb-continuous cookie products having distributed therein discrete regions of storage-stable crisp texture and discrete regions of storage-stable chewy texture in which the crisp regions contain a shortening having an SCl at 21.degree. C. of from about 14.0 to about 20.0 and an SCl at 33.degree. C. of from about 0.0 to about 8.0 and the chewy regions contain a shortening having an SCl at 21.degree. C. of from about 12.0 to about 18.0 and an SCl at 33.degree. C. of below about 2.0. The shortening system having these melting characteristics provides a more tender crumb texture, more desirable mouthmelt and dissipation and better flavor display in the cookie.

Abstract: A method for reducing excessive browning in a baked good containing reducing sugars is described. The method comprises adding to the dough of the baked good about 0.15% to about 0.65% baking soda and about 0.10% to about 0.65% fatty acid monoglyceride esters of polycarboxylic acids and their derivatives. This combination of ingredients minimizes browning while avoiding off-flavor often associated with the addition of leavening agents to control browning. The invention is particularly useful with dual-textured cookies wherein a chewy region is made from a dough containing reducing sugars or crystallization-resistant sugars, and wherein a crisp region is made from a dough containing sucrose or readily crystallizable sugars. Browning is minimized in the reducing sugar-containing inner dough so that if the inner dough shows on the cookie surface it does not create an unattractive appearance.

Abstract: A process for making a corn chip with potato chip texture is described. The chip has increased mouthmelt, crispness, and lightness like potato chips and it is less hard and gritty than standard corn chips. It also has a distinctive corn flavor. In a preferred process, corn is cooked in water at 140.degree. F. (60.degree. C.) to 212.degree. F. (100.degree. C.) for 30 minutes to 4 hours. The corn hulls are removed, and the corn is comminuted. A starch material is cooked in water until it is adequately hydrated, and then comminuted. The comminuted corn and starch material are mixed together to form a dough having a ratio of corn to starch material of 95:5 to 80:20. The dough is extruded, formed into a sheet, cut into segments, and deep-fried to form the finished chip.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for making a reduced density roast and ground coffee product comprising the steps of: (a) cracking roasted coffee beans to a size such that about 40% to about 80% are retained in a 6-mesh screen (3.36 mm, 0.132 in.); then (b) normalizing the cracked beans; and then (c) grinding the cracked and normalized beans. The roast and ground coffee product produced by the combination of the three steps has a density between about 0.24 g/cc and about 0.41 g/cc.The reduced density roast and ground coffee product has an acceptable non-chaffy appearance. Problems associated with the use of air removal and screening are avoided.

Abstract: Emulsified spreads, such as margarines, are made from structural fats having double-peaked differential scanning calorimetry curves, one representing triglycerides crystallizing at temperatures of from about 77.degree. F. (25.degree. C.) to about 50.degree. F. (10.degree. C.) and a second representing triglycerides crystallizing at about 41.degree. F. (5.degree. C.) to about 14.degree. F. (-10.degree. C.). The process for forming such spreads involves (1) cooling an emulsion of the structural fat, a soft oil and an aqueous phase to a temperature at or below the nucleation of triglycerides crystallizing at the higher temperature range; (2) working the emulsion; (3) cooling the worked emulsion to the nucleation point of the triglycerides crystallizing at the lower temperature range; and (4) working the emulsion a second time.

Abstract: Food products containing high levels of meat or textured vegetable protein meat analog are sterilized without development of off-flavors in the meat or meat analog by a process including: (1) adjusting the pH to below about 4.6; (2) maintaining organic acid levels between about 0.4% and about 0.75% (expressed as anhydrous citric acid); (3) high temperature, short time processing of the food products; and (4) hot-fill-and-hold packing of the product in containers.

Abstract: A process for controlling the particle size distribution of a particulate meat analog formed from a wet, agglomerated textured protein during continuous heat-setting of the protein is disclosed. The improvement in the continuous heat-setting, preferably by continuous frying, of textured protein comprises feeding the wet agglomerate as particles to the heat source, e.g. a fryer, as a continuous layer of constant bulk density and thickness. The agglomerate is placed on a continuous belt within the heating unit via a feed belt. The particle size distribution of the wet analog and thus the heat-set analog is controlled by the ratio of the continuous heat-setting unit belt to the feed belt speeds.