Abstract: Copolymers of an acrylic acid and a lower alkyl ester of itaconic acid are added to an aqueous medium as scale inhibitors and as dispersants of particulate matter. In a preferred embodiment, the copolymers are composed of 70 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid and 5 to 30 weight parts of a lower alkyl ester of itaconic acid and the copolymers are added to the aqueous medium amount of about 1 to 200 ppm.

Abstract: A polymer of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms is prepared which contains less than 0.2% by weight unreacted monomer in a solvent selected from acetone and lower alkyl acetates also in the presence with less than 5% of a crosslinker selected from polyalkenyl polyethers of polyhydric alcohols containing more than one alkenyl group per molecule wherein the polyhydric alcohol contains at least 4 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups and initiator selected from peroxides and peroxydicarbonates. Polymerization temperature is 40.degree. to 85.degree. C. and viscosity of the mixture after completing polymerization is less than 1000 cps. About 1 to 10% of the carboxyl groups on the polymer are neutralized.

Abstract: Ortho-para-alkylated diphenylamines are prepared utilizing an improved, one-stage process wherein the diphenylamines are ortho-alkylated by reaction with a first olefin in the presence of an aluminum complex as the catalyst, and are subsequently para-alkylated by reaction with a second olefin using a Friedel-Crafts aluminum catalyst. The para-alkylation is carried out without prior isolation or solvent washing of the ortho-alkylated diphenylamine intermediates.

Abstract: The copolymers are effective in stabilizing iron in solution and as antiscalants in the presence of soluble iron, the copolymers are used in amount of 1 to 200 ppm, have molecular weight of about 1,000 to 50,000, and are prepared by polymerizing 40 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid with 5 to 60 weight parts of a substituted acrylamide.

Abstract: A composition useful in organic materials subject to degradation comprising a mixture of para-butylated and octylated, ortho-ethylated diphenylamines. The composition is liquid at ambient temperature, and is particularly useful as an antioxidant for rubber and latexes and petroleum based and synthetic lubricants.

Abstract: Thermoset polycycloolefins are obtained by polymerzing at an elevated temperature a cycloolefin containing at least one norbornene group in the presence of a metathesis catalyst system and also in the presence of an effective amount of a polyfunctional cycloolefin crosslinker containing at least one norbornene group, but preferably two or more, with two or more unsaturated sites, preferably two or more double bonds.

Abstract: Novel piperazinones having the formula ##STR1## are useful UV stabilizers and are purified by fractional distillation in the presence of an inorganic base.

Abstract: This invention is directed to stable compositions comprising an anionic surfactant and a salt-stable copolymer; and to suspension compositions comprising a surfactant, a salt-stable copolymer, and normally incompatible ingredient such as an anti-dandruff agent, the polymer being used in an amount to sufficiently thicken the composition and to permanently suspend the ingredient.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retarding compositions comprising flame retardants selected from pentate salts and nitrogen-containing phosphates wherein one or both are encapsulated in a material to reduce contacts between the flame retardants during processing and to thus reduce or eliminate pre-reaction between the two flame retardants, which pre-reaction, normally leads to degradation of flameproofing properties of the compositions. The invention is also directed to flame retardant polyurethane compositions containing a polyurethane resin and both of the flame retardants. As between the flame retardants, amount of the phosphate is about 10-99% whereas amount of the pentate salt is about 90-1%, on weight basis. In the polyurethane compositions, combined weight of the two flame retardants is about 10-60%, based on the weight of the polyurethane resin and the two flame retardants.

Abstract: Method for determining monomer conversion in the liquid phase by analyzing vapor phase above a polymerization mixture comprising measuring temperature of the vapor phase, analyzing the vapor phase with a gas chromatograph provided with a flame ionization detector to determine relative amount of a certain monomer in the vapor phase, correlating initial amount of the monomer with an intermediate amount of the monomer adjusted by applying a temperature correction, and determining monomer conversion on the basis of an essentially linear relationship of conversion in the liquid phase with relative amount of the monomer in the vapor phase.

Abstract: Dispersion of polyacrylic acid in mineral spirits containing an elastomer that is swellable in mineral spirits, amount of elastomer being sufficient to render the dispersion less resistant to settling of solids.

Abstract: Inhibition of sulfate scale precipitation in a water system is accomplished by adding to said water system an effective threshold inhibition amount of a polyacrylic acid, phytic acid, and a phosphonocarboxylic acid containing at least one phosphono group, at least two carboxylic groups, and a hydrocarbon chain of at least two carbon atoms. The active materials are used in the ratio of 0.1 to 30 parts polyacrylic acid and 0.1 to 30 parts phosphonocarboxylic acid per one weight part of phytic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to impregnated oil filter substrate and to oil filters containing such impregnated substrates that require a single cure and can pass a hot oil immersion test, said filter substrate being impregnated with a water-based binder comprising a latex containing at least 20% polymerized vinyl chloride in the latex solids, said latex being a copolymer of vinyl chloride, 30 to 60% lower alkyl acrylate, and one or more comonomers selected from acrylic acid and N-methylol acrylamide, said comonomers being used in an amount of up to 5%, based on the weight of the monomers used to make the latex; said binder also containing 5 to 20 parts of a cross-linking resin per 100 weight parts of latex solids and 5 to 20% catalyst for the cross-linking resin based on the weight of the cross-linking resin.

Abstract: A stable blend of a vinyl halide latex and an acrylic latex is prepared by adjusting pH of the latexes to below about 6, adding a surfactant containing nitrogen having attached thereto alkyleneoxy groups to one or both of the latexes, and mixing the latexes, the surfactant is selected from cationic-nonionic surfactants, and amount thereof should be sufficient to maintain the latex blend stable for at least one month at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric repellent to body fluids and having reduced odor on sterilization by irradiation or steam is made by bonding nonwoven fibers with a saturated latex, forming said nonwoven fabric, and sterilizing said fabric, said latex is prepared by polymerizing, in the presence of 0.1 to 2 weight parts of a free radical initiator and a sufficient amount of a nonionic or anionic emulsifier, 65 to 85 weight parts of a soft hydrophobic monomer having Tg of -80.degree. C. to -20.degree. C., 10 to 30 weight parts of a hard hydrophobic acrylate monomer having Tg of +40.degree. C. to +120.degree. C., 0.1 to 5 weight parts of an unsaturated carboxylic acid containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and 0.1 to 5 weight parts of N-alkylol acrylamide or methacrylamide containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, said latex has post-added and admixed therein 0.01 to 5 weight parts of an odor inhibition agent selected from amine-type antioxidants and hindered phenols that function to reduce odor of said fabric on sterilization thereof.

Abstract: A relatively lightweight wrench is disclosed herein which is characterized by a gear mounted at its periphery for rotation within a housing, said gear having a major and a minor gear sections removably secured to each other, a collet disposed within the gear for rotation therewith, said collet having an opening of a geometric shape to accommodate a work piece and an open side for admitting a work piece thereinto and a block cooperating with the minor gear section for closing-off the open side of the collet. The wrench is adapted to be opened by removing or opening the minor gear section and removing the collet block to expose a passage leading into the collet opening. In assembling the wrench, a work piece corresponding in shape to the collet opening is passed through the passage into the collet opening, the collet block is positioned in place to close-off the collet opening, and the minor gear section is again secured to the major gear section.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, this invention relates to a method for inhibiting formation of phosphate scale in water systems by the addition of a threshold amount of a water-soluble copolymer of 40 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid with 5 to 60 parts of a substituted acrylamide, based on a total of 100 parts of polymerized monomers.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the method of dispersing inorganic matter and to scale inhibition in an aqueous system by addition thereto of an effective amount to obtain synergistic threshold inhibition of a phosphonocarboxylic acid and a polymeric phosphinocarboxylic acid, the phosphonocarboxylic acid being a phosphonoalkane carboxylic acid containing preferably two phosphono groups, 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkane hydrocarbon group, and three carboxylic acid groups; and the polymeric phosphinocarboxylic acid contains features of both phosphonates and polyacrylates.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retarding compositions comprising a pentate salt selected from melammonium pentate and the pentate salt of ammelide, and a nitrogen-containing phosphate selected from amine phosphates, ammonium phosphates, and ammonium polyphosphates in amount of 25 to 95 volume % phosphate to 75 to 5 volume % pentate salt which produce unexpected results in thermoplastic polyurethane compositions in terms of oxygen index, and UL-94 rating. This invention also pertains to polyurethane compositions containing a thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a flame retarding combination of a pentate salt and a phosphate, defined above, in amount of 10 to 35 volume % of the two flame retarding components based on the total volume of the resin plus the two flame retarding componets. An aryl phosphate can also be included to enhance the flame retarding properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Such polyurethane compositions are intumescent, drip retardant, and are halogen-free.

Abstract: Dispersions or slurries of carboxyl-containing polymers in mineral spirits in which the polymer settles and is difficultly redispersible are converted to dispersions or slurries in which the tendency to settle is reduced and which are readily redispersible with minimum agitation are obtained when there is added to the dispersions or slurries a linear or branched block copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide as well as glyceryl tris-12-hydroxystearate and/or mixed saturated C.sub.18 -C.sub.36 fatty acid triglycerides.