Abstract: A gas discharge electron gun for generating an electron beam by secondary emission from an active surface of a cathode which is surrounded by a cathode sleeve coaxially projecting towards an open end of a tubular anode.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer of the phase lock loop type including a reference frequency source, a voltage-controlled oscillator and a frequency divider connected to the oscillator output to divide the output frequency by a selectively-variable integer N. The outputs of the frequency divider and the reference frequency source are applied to a phase comparator which has an output connected to a filter. The filter output is applied through a multiplier, having a multiplication factor n proportional to N, to the input of the voltage controlled oscillator. The frequency divider and the multiplier are controlled by the same control means in order to keep the loop gain constant, irrespective of the amount of change in N.

Abstract: HF signal transmission device comprising a HF transmission path and an LF supply current transmission path connected between common input and output terminals. The LF transmission path is provided with a blocking inductance for the HF signals which, to avoid hum modulation, comprises a series of at least two coil pairs wound on an open magnetizable core, the coils in each pair being wound in opposite sense, and the LF supply current being tapped from the junction point between the two pairs.

Abstract: A rotary anode X-ray tube wherein the anode carries the high voltage during operation; to achieve shorter acceleration times of the rotor, an insulator is provided between the rotor and the anode disc so that only a minimum air gap is required between the rotor and the stator.

Abstract: An electric discharge tube comprising wire probes located close to the electrodes for collecting electrons, and bimetallic support for each wire probe to vary in response to operative temperature, the distance of the wire probe from the electrode.

Abstract: A central portion of the lamp is ionized by a RF field applied between two auxiliary electrodes and the strength of the RF signal resulting between the terminal electrodes of the lamp is measured as an indication of the fill gas pressure.

Abstract: A glass screw base of a bulb is provided with a first channel for accomodating solder filling used for mechanical locking of the glass base to a metal screw shell. A second, narrow channel is made in the base to receive a lead wire and direct it to the rim of the shell whereupon an electrical contact is established by a minimal amount of solder and solder flux.

Abstract: A phase comparator indicating a phase difference range of n .times. 360.degree., between two input signals, comprising edge triggered shift registers, for dividing the input signals by n, means for modulating the width of the resulting output pulses in proportion to the phase difference of the input signals, and integrating means to combine the modulated pulses into a time-averaged signal which is indicative of the phase difference.

Abstract: A Wien filter for selecting particles having a given velocity from a beam of charged particles. Such a Wien filter comprises means to maintain an electric field and a magnetic field, which fields extend at right angles to each other and each at right angles to the axis of the particle beam. By providing a gradient in the magnetic field by means of two coils which are present on either side of the said beam and the axes of which are substantially parallel to the electric field and in which the magnetic field strengths produced in the coils are directed substantially opposite to each other, both a focus of the particle beam in a more favorable place is obtained and a stigmatic reproduction is effected so that velocity separation is considerably simplified.

Abstract: A gas discharge electron gun for generating an electron beam by means of a glow discharge. A rapid control (.apprxeq.1 msec) is possible by admitting the gas to the gun through at least one aperture in the inner wall of a tubular positive electrode.

Abstract: A responder system in which incoming frequency f.sub.0 is converted to a harmonic frequency, e.g. 2f.sub.0, by means of a non-linear element, for example a diode, which is connected between capacitance and inductance in two parallel-connected series resonant circuits, one of which is closely tuned to the incoming frequency f.sub.0 while the other is closely tuned to the selected harmonic frequency. Incoming frequency f.sub.0 is fed to the interconnected ends of the two resonant circuits, whereby both resonant circuits are excited at their respective resonance frequencies, and the harmonic frequency 2f.sub.0 is radiated back via a common antenna connected to the interconnected ends of the two series resonant circuits. When transmitting binary information by means of pulses at the harmonic frequency 2f.sub.0 the retransmitted pulses can be marked in certain pulse intervals by eliminating the resonance condition in the second resonant circuit (2f.sub.

Abstract: A current, produced by a differential amplifier and proportional to a reference voltage and/or a reference value, is compensated for variation of the base-emitter voltage and of the current gain factor over a comparatively large control range, in that the common-emitter current of the differential amplifier is controlled proportionally to the output current with the aid of current mirror circuits.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp having two opposite electrodes, wire probes located near the electrodes for collecting electrons during the positive half-cycle on an electrode, and a coating of a dielectric material, such as boron nitride, on each probe for storing some collected electrons and attracting a part of positive ions during the negative half-cycle.

Abstract: A device for iterative determination of the absorption distribution from the measuring values obtained by means of a scanner, which utilizes a storage tube whereon a charge image is stored which represents the distribution in a rough approximation. This charge image is read along strips whose orientation corresponds to that of the scanning during the measurement and is compared with the measuring values stored in a store. If a difference is detected, the charge on the charge strip is changed accordingly.

Abstract: A transmission line pulse transformer in which the characteristic impedance of a coiled transmission line is changed from a first value to a second (smaller) value at a first point intermediate its ends and back to the first value at a second point. The location of the points and the relationship between the two impedance values are so chosen that, to a first order approximation, reflected waves from the points cancel coupled waves between adjacent turns, thereby reducing distortion caused by the coupled waves.

Abstract: An apparatus for etching a continuously moving thin metal strip in which the length of the etching compartment is adjustable to adapt the etching duration to the thickness of the strip. The length is adjustable by means of a movable housing which comprises closure means through which the strip enters or leaves the etching compartment.

Abstract: A television camera tube in which the electrode which is positioned in front of the photosensitive layer is connected to the envelope by means of lug-shaped springs. To avoid microphonic interferences, the lug-shaped springs engage the wall of the envelope at the area of a bend in the spring so that a lever is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube and an outer bulb which envelops this tube, whilst the heat insulation in the space between the discharge tube and the outer bulb can be changed.According to the invention the heat insulation is changed by means of a reversible hydrogen getter which is located in the space between the outer bulb and the discharge tube. In this way it is obtained that the lamp can either be operated without a stabilizing ballast or that it is less sensitive to variations in the mains supply.

Abstract: Pulse radar apparatus provided with a control circuit comprising at least an error voltage generator, a dither-tuned magnetron and a servo unit driving this magnetron, and also with a conditional circuit and an angular position indicator connected to the servo motor shaft for tuning the magnetron frequency f.sub.z to a frequency f.sub.zo, showing a fixed difference f.sub.o with the local frequency f.sub.lo, where f.sub.o = f.sub.zo - f.sub.lo. When, by means of the indicator, the conditional circuit determines that the magnetron is being tuned in a defined frequency range comprising the frequency f.sub.zo, the auxiliary voltage (V.sub.1), used to coarse tune to frequency f.sub.zo is replaced by a fine tuning error voltage proportional to .vertline.f.sub.z - f.sub.lo .vertline. - .vertline.f.sub.o .vertline.. This error voltage is delivered by the generator supplied with the local oscillator signal and a sample of the magnetron pulse.

Abstract: A single-ended/push-pull converter with an input emitter-follower transistor having a d.c. blocking emitter impedance and a collector impedance. The signal voltage across the collector impedance produces a signal current of opposite phase in a second emitter follower transistor having an input impedance which equals the collector impedance of the first transistor. The input circuit of a current mirror is included in the emitter circuit of the second emitter follower transistor and the output circuit is connected in parallel with the d.c. blocking impedance to keep the collector currents in the two emitter followers equal and constant.