Abstract: A class of chlorinated or brominated polymeric negative resists for high resolution X-ray or electron lithographic processes is described. Chlorine and bromine atoms have a generally high mass absorption coefficient for X-rays and can be incorporated into the polymer in high weight percents. The chlorinated resists are especially sensitive to the 4.37 Angstrom characteristic X-rays from a Pd target.

Abstract: The use of dopants enhances optical contrast and range of writing speeds in liquid crystal display devices. Such dopants are characterized by greater solubility in the isotropic phase than in the liquid-crystalline phase of a liquid crystal material.

Abstract: An electron source using a single lanthanum hexaboride crystal oriented so the emitting surface is defined by a {110} crystal plane.

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell passing a constant current, an electrode rotating asymmetrically with respect to a fixed electrode produces an ac voltage, having a component at the rotational frequency, between the rotating and fixed electrodes because the interelectrode distance and dc solution resistance between the electrodes vary. When this electrode is used in an operating two electrode cell, e.g., a plating bath, the ac voltage may be used to map the spatial current distribution. Measurements of solution conductivity may also be made.

Abstract: Isotopic separation is accomplished by (1) a second photon irradiation step for selective ionization of a first isotopic species and (2) selective precipitation of a generally immiscible liquid from the saturating vapor phase on the ionized species. The first photon corresponds with a sharply defined spectral portion of the irradiation which exclusively excites the first species to a vibrational level. The second photon further excites this species to its ionization level. Selective precipitation is by coulombic attraction between the ionized species and the vapor. The procedure is applicable to any vapor phase ionizable material.

Abstract: A hydrogen transport process for cleaning the surface of an indium or gallium based semiconductor material and for depositing n-type cadmium sulfide on the cleaned semiconductor material is disclosed. The cleaning and deposition can be accomplished in sequence or simultaneously. The process entails adding hydrogen sulfide to a hydrogen gas flow in a chemical vapor deposition process. Single crystalline photovoltaic cells of p-InP/n-CdS with a 13.5% efficiency have been reproducibly fabricated. An efficiency of 4.6% has been obtained with a thin layer polycrystalline p-InP/n-CdS cell. Additionally, a p-GaAs/n-CdS heterodiode cell has been produced.

Abstract: A multimode optical fiber waveguide with graded refractive index for lessening modal dispersion depends upon simultaneous grading of both P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 within an otherwise generally unmodified silica glass. P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is at a maximum in the axial core region, while B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is generally the only modifier in the peripheral core region. The defined profile, which depends critically upon P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content in the axial composition and somewhat less critically upon the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 peripheral composition content, is near optimum from the standpoint of mode dispersion and remains so for the entire useful range of carrier wavelength (generally defined as from 0.5 to 1.1 .mu.m). Numerical aperture for fibers of the invention are typically at a level of 0.3.

Abstract: Iron oxide films are produced on substrates by oxidative decomposition of polyvinyl ferrocene. The polymer may be applied to the substrate in the form of a solution by spinning. Resultant films may be relatively soluble or relatively insoluble in acidic media depending upon processing conditions. Soluble films are of interest for hard copy masks designed for use in the fabrication of printed circuits. Such masks may be pattern-delineated by photoresist techniques or by selective insolubilization. Alternatively, patterns may result from selective deposition or removal of the polymer prior to decomposition.

Abstract: Patterned iron oxide films are produced on substrates by oxidative decomposition of polyvinyl ferrocene. The polymer may be applied to the substrate in the form of a solution by spinning. Resultant films may be relatively soluble or relatively insoluble in acidic media depending upon processing conditions. Soluble films are of interest for hard copy masks designed for use in the fabrication of printed circuits. Such masks may be pattern-delineated by photoresist techniques or by selective insolubilization. Alternatively, patterns may result from selective deposition or removal of the polymer prior to decomposition.

Abstract: The condensation product of oxalyl dihydrazide and furfural is found to be an effective metal deactivator in saturated hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene. The stabilizer is usefully incorporated in primary insulation on copper wire.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which is capable of amplifying optical signals. The absorptive and dispersive properties of a cavity-enclosed nonlinear medium are combined with the transmission properties of the cavity to yield an input-output characteristic curve that displays gain or bistability.

Abstract: Catalyst members of a class exemplified by La.sub.0.8 K.sub.0.2 MnO.sub.3 catalyze the conversion of NO.sub.x pollutants to the non-polluting materials N.sub.2 O, N.sub.2, and O.sub.2. These compounds are also effective for promoting oxidation reactions such as CO to CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Thin metal film systems supported on transparent substrates are described for use in laser micromachining of high resolution facsimile images. The disclosed systems, which include a specific anti-reflection film, require less energy for micromachining than bismuth films of equal optical opacity.

Abstract: A multimode optical fiber waveguide with graded refractive index for lessening modal dispersion with the gradient produced at least in part by radially decreasing boron oxide content outwardly from the core center within a high silica glass core minimizes modal dispersion by use of a non-parabolic grading function. The optimum gradient for a simple binary borosilicate system for a wavelength of from approximately 0.5 to 1.1 micrometers corresponds with .alpha. = 1.77 .+-. 10 percent in the equation n = n.sub.1 [1-2.DELTA.(r/a).sup..alpha.].sup.1/2, in which n.sub.1 is the axial core index r is the distance from the fiber axis, a is the core radius, .DELTA. is the relative index difference between core center and cladding and .alpha. is a power law exponent which characterizes the profile.