Abstract: A method for winding a traveling web into a wound web roll supported on a two-drum belt winder having a belt looped over two fixedly mounted support drums. The tension in the belt is adjustable from an initially relieved tension condition where a depression is formed in the belt over the notch between the support drums. A new core is inserted in the depression and is wrapped by the on-coming paper web to begin forming a wound roll of paper. As the wound roll of paper increases in diameter, the tension in the looped belt is increased to provide greater support in the span between the nips of the wound roll over the belt against the support drums. Initially, a rider roll is also brought into nipping engagement with the wound paper roll. The nip load of the rider roll is gradually relieved as the diameter of the wound paper roll increases.

Abstract: A piston apparatus for use in a controlled deflection roll includes a rectilinear-shaped piston having at least one side seal extending longitudinally in a slot in each side wall and an end seal in each end of the piston extending between the side seals. The end seals have at least one pair of intersecting surfaces at each end thereof which cooperate with a corresponding pair of surfaces of each side seal to move longitudinally relative to the piston and side seals to maintain a continuous seal peripherally about the piston. The continuous seal engages the side walls of a channel within the support shaft of the controlled deflection roll and a non-movable seal surface in each of two, opposed dams at either end of the channel in the support shaft. The side and end seals move with the piston relative to the support shaft and seal surfaces on the end dams.

Abstract: A self-loading controlled deflection roll has its tubular shell rotatably supported on front and back bearings which, in turn, are mounted on a bearing ring which is outwardly-movable arcuately on a pair of opposed pistons and shoes at either end of the roll. The bearing ring at each end of the roll is pivotally-linked with the roll shaft to prevent skewing movement between their longitudinal axes. The opposed pistons and shoes operating within the bearing rings at the edges of the roll shell position and load the roll into and out of nipping engagement with a mating roll independently of the operation of a separate nip shoe which controls the deflection of the roll. The pistons within the bearing rings can be used to either provide additional nip loading independent of the nip shoe, or provide a counterload in the opposite direction. Both can be used for edge correction.

Abstract: An air spring apparatus has quick pressure release, and rapid air exhaust, capability by means of a relatively large diameter exhaust port in a larger, primary air spring which is controlled by the action of a smaller, secondary air spring. The secondary air spring is equipped with a check valve which controls the flow of air into the primary air spring. The rapid exhaust of the primary air spring is effected by triggering the removal of air pressure from the secondary air spring through a plurality of orifices in a centrally disposed guide tube which permits the collapse of the smaller air spring and the accompanying removal of a valve plate from a relatively large diameter exhaust port of the primary air spring.

Abstract: A self-loading, controlled deflection roll for forming a pressure nip with another roll has at least one support shoe, and preferably two opposed support shoes, mounted in a stationary support shaft for controlling the deflection of the roll shell in the direction of the nip. At either end of the controlled deflection roll, a pair of opposed guide shoes are pivotally disposed on the stationary support shaft to apply pressure against the roll shell to stabilize the position of the roll shell relative to the stationary shaft. At least one guide shoe at either end of the roll is equipped with a compensating piston to permit its face surface to move radially outwardly relative to the guide shoe support on the stationary shaft. Also, at least one of the guide shoes at either end of the roll is pivotally supported on the stationary shaft to allow rotational movement of its guide shoe about an axis in a plane substantially parallel with a nip plane through the nip and the longitudinal axis of the roll.

Abstract: A method for effecting a set change in a winder for a papermaking machine, comprises skip-slitting the paper web across the width of the web transversely to the direction of web travel in the winder. An adhesive stripe is applied to the web on either side of where the skip-slit is located. The skip-slit and application of the glue is done at a location upstream of the winder to avoid the problems associated with mounting and operating such equipment beneath the winder. The paper web is severed by advancing the skip-slit to a position near the 10 o'clock position over the surface of a first winder drum where the web is halted and the wound paper roll is urged off its support on the first winder drum to thereby increase the tension in the web between the wound roll and web supported on the first winder drum to sever the web. The adhesive stripes on either side of the severance are then applied to the wound roll and a new core, and the process is repeated.

Abstract: A mechanism and method for initially dewatering a paper stock slurry between looped traveling forming wires wherein the wires pass over turning bars, controlling the cross machine curvature of the turning bars to compensate for variations in curvature due to temperature effects on the turning bar and to control the cross machine curvature of the turning bar to a predetermined fixed shape for wide machines to control the travel of the wire over the bars by applying bending moments to a support beam for the turning bar such as by providing separate liquid chambers in the beam and directing heated or cooled water into the chambers to bend the bar to either a positive crown, to be straight or to a negative crown.

Abstract: A high pressure water jet is used in conjunction with a relatively low power laser to produce a smooth cut in a traveling web. The cutting procedures produces a relatively small amount of fiber dust in the atmosphere surrounding the cutting operation. The water jet severs the traveling web into separate parts, and the laser is directed to the severed edges to burn away the protruding ends of the paper fibers to produce a uniform, smooth cut in both severed edges. A trough is disposed on the side of the web opposite the water jet and laser to receive and collect the water severing the web and the fiber dust, and to diffuse the laser beam emissions.

Abstract: A paper forming apparatus has a lower looped forming wire disposed for a portion of its travel over a curved apron board. The paths of forming wire travel upstream and downstream of the apron board diverge. Such divergence allows a secondary headbox to be brought into such a juxtaposition with the forming wire coming off the apron board as to permit the stock stream to impinge the forming wire both at a low angle and at a short distance to enhance formation of an additional web ply over a previously formed web ply. In one embodiment, an upper looped forming wire is brought into co-running engagement with the lower forming wire over the downwardly extending downstream path of travel.

Abstract: A self-loading controlled deflection roll for forming a pressure nip with another roll has at least one support shoe mounted in a stationary support shaft for controlling the deflection of the roll shell in the direction of the nip. At either end of the controlled deflection roll, a pair of opposed guide shoes are slidably mounted on the stationary support shaft to apply pressure against the roll shell to stabilize the position of the roll shell relative to the stationary shaft. At least one guide shoe on either end of the roll is equipped with a compensating piston to permit its face surface to move radially outwardly relative to the guide shoe support on the stationary shaft. The guide shoes slidably reciprocate in planes parallel to the plane of the nip through the longitudinal axis of the roll and provide opposed, equal stabilization forces at substantially right angles to the plane of the nip.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive device, such as a piezoelectric strip or plurality of piezoelectric crystals, is or are arrayed along the surface of a roll, preferably in a spiral pattern, extending for one revolution of the roll which is nipped with another roll. The nip pressure between the rolls, with or without a paper web passing through the nip, produces a signal by the piezoelectric device indicative of irregularities along the nip. These irregularities, which can be indicative of variations in the web caliper, roll surface, hardness and other parameters of roll or web quality, are then passed to a monitor for continuous read-out of the irregularities or non-uniformities along the face of the roll. Other apparatus, such as a signal conditioner and a signal encoder, can be provided for processing the signals determining the exact axial location along the roll surface of the pressure sensitive device passing through the nip at any given time.

Abstract: Separate density profiles are obtained for each station of a multi-station winder. The technique requires a single processor for simultaneously monitoring the density of any number of rolls being wound. The density may also be monitored for the unwind roll for determination of roll structuring changes by a winder. A simple system is provided in which each of the rolls is provided with an encoder. The encoder of a center roll of fixed diameter produces a fixed number of pulses per revolution representing paper length and the pulses produced by the encoders of each of the winding stations are counted along with the pulses produced by the winder of the center fixed diameter roll for computing density from roll and angular parameters and basis weight.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for a paper machine controlled deflection roll or the like having a tubular roll shell driven by a ring gear with driving pinions driving the ring gear and each of the pinions mounted on support shafts with the support shafts carrying planetary gears driven by a sun gear. The sun gear is carried on a power input shaft mounted in vertical slides. The planetary gears are horizontal of the sun gear so that the sun gear can shift and be self-positionable to equalize the load on the gear teeth as the sun gear drives the planetary gears with a thrust bearing on the shaft and helical teeth between the sun gear and the planetary gears.

Abstract: Apparatus for maintaining a relatively placid pool of liquid coating material in the trough between two nipped rolls comprises a pair of deckles, one disposed near either end of the nipped rolls, each of the deckles having an edge generally conforming to a segment of the adjacent roll to effectively form an end of the trough formed by the rolls. At least one of the deckles has one or more openings which permit the liquid coating material to flow laterally out of the trough and through the deckle at a rate proportional to the depth of the coating material in the trough. Controlling the lateral outward flow of material from the trough stabilizes both the turbulence of the liquid coating material in the trough and the surface condition of the coating material.

Abstract: A felt turning roll for use in the dryer section of a papermaking machine has a stationary shaft extending outwardly from at least one end of a perforated roll shell. The stationary shaft extends inwardly from the end of the roll for only a short distance which is substantially less than half the length of the face width of the roll. The stationary shaft is bored to permit a source of sub-atmospheric air pressure to be applied to its exterior portion. The inner portion of the shaft has a valve, a seal near its inner end between it and the roll shell, and openings to permit the exposure of sub-atmospheric air pressure within the roll shell on either side of the seal. The use of short stationary shafts eliminates the center shaft which otherwise would extend for the length of the roll.

Abstract: A controlld deflection roll has a unique liquid barrier and heat shield which includes a chamber filled with cooling fluid. In a preferred embodiment, the barrier comprises two chambers and a space in fluid communication with both chambers for circulating cooling fluid between the chambers and into and out of the roll. The barrier is interposed between the interior cavity of the roll containing the extremely hot hydraulic fluid which actuates the apparatus for controlling the deflection of the roll, and the bearings which rotatably align the roll shell relative to the space. The barrier, thus, functions to thermally insulate the bearings from heat, whether by radiation or by direct contact with the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A system for determining the rotational, or cyclic, speed and rotational position of a looped traveling belt, such as a felt in a papermaking machine, utilizes a discontinuity, or caliper variation, in the surface of the belt near one edge thereof. A fluid stream, such as compressed air, is projected against the web along the annnular area containing the discontinuity, and a pressure transducer is mounted to fixed proximity with the belt downstream of, and aligned with, the fluid stream. The transducer senses differences in the pressure of the fluid stream projected against the belt and against the discontinuity, and produces a signal indicative of the passage of the discontinuity past the transducer. The time interval of this signal is used to compute the cyclic speed of the traveling belt and to identify the part of the belt passing through a nipped roll couple at another location.

Abstract: A ventilating roll for introducing a supply of relatively dry air into the pocket spaces between dryer rolls and the co-running fabrics and paper web in a papermaking machine, and removing the relatively moist air which is liberated from the traveling paper web as it comes into contact with the heated dryer rolls. The ventilating roll has a plurality of separate compartments, some of which conduct super-atmospheric pressure air into the pocket spaces, and some of which conduct sub-atmospheric air out of the pocket spaces. The compartments conducting air into the roll alternate with the compartments for conducting air out of the roll. The temperature of the internal structure of the roll is thereby balanced circumferentially about the center shaft of the roll and thermal bowing of the roll is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring a newly formed paper web from the forming fabric over a couch roll in a papermaking machine includes a transfer roll which guides a pick-up felt into nipping engagement with the paper web over the couch roll. The nip is located intermediate the circumferentially spaced ends of a vacuum zone on the surface of the couch roll. The web with the forming fabric on one side and the pick-up felt on the other side is guided onto the transfer roll surface by the forming fabric downstream of the nip and is transferred onto the pick-up felt. The transfer roll has a vacuum zone located downstream of where it is wrapped by the forming fabric. The application of pressure on the web over the couch roll prior to, and in conjunction with, the nip operates to further dewater the web as well as to facilitate its transfer to the pick-up felt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically threading a traveling web strip, such as a so-called paper tail in a papermaking machine, utilizes a doctor for doctoring the web strip from the surface of a roll. A stream of compressed air is projected against the oncoming web strip in the vicinity of the point where the doctor blade contacts the web on the roll and urges the oncoming web off the roll surface upstream of the doctor. A foil is brought into proximity with the outer surface of the web spaced over the roll to urge the strip outwardly and against a serrated knife to sever the web strip against the force of its momentum. The severed end of the web strip is then guided onto a plate for conveyance into a downstream section of the machine for further processing.