Abstract: Diesel fuels are decolorized by hydrotreatment under mild conditions. The feedstock is normally severely hydrotreated to convert organosulfur or organonitrogen and the effluent passed to a smaller downstream hydrotreating zone at a lower temperature but sufficient to lighten the color of a finished product hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A catalyst containing an overlayer of a catalytic promoter on a porous refractory support containing an underbedded phosphorus-containing component. The catalyst is prepared by incorporation and calcination of phosphorus with the porous refractory oxide support followed by further incorporation of the overlayer of catalytic promoter components, such as Group VIB and Group VIII metals. The catalyst is especially active when underbedded phosphorus components are incorporated into the support at calcination temperatures less than 900.degree. F. The catalyst is useful for simultaneous hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodesulfurization of a gas oil, particularly when the refractory oxide support has a narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: NO.sub.x removal is accomplished by contacting a NOx-containing stream under reducing conditions with a urea-ammonia-water composition.

Abstract: Salts of tetrathiocarbonic acid are produced by a batch process in which a hydroxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur and carbon disulfide are reacted sequentially. The salts are produced as aqueous solutions having concentrations of upwards of 30 percent by weight.

Abstract: A graphite funnel inserted into a metal funnel support sleeve guides hot glass gobs from a furnace to the glass blowing mold. The graphite insert is adjustable by set screws and is easily repositioned. The graphite insert has an outer diameter slightly less than the metal retainer to allow ambient air to pass upwardly past it.

Abstract: Oligomeric thiocarbonates such as hexathiodicarbonate salts and thioesters are used as pesticides and preservatives. Certain oligomeric thiocarbonate salts, notably quaternary ammonium hexathiodicarbonates, are prepared. The compounds are stabilized with added base and/or sulfide.

Abstract: A catalyst containing an overlayer of a catalytic promoter on a porous refractory support containing an underbedded Group VIII metal-containing component. The catalyst is prepared by sequential incorporation of the Group VIII metal followed by the additional catalytic promoter component, usually a Group VIB metal, with the porous refractory oxide support. The catalyst has a MoO.sub.3 /NiO weight ratio less than 6 to 1 and more than 4 weight percent of NiO. The catalyst is especially useful for simultaneous hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodesulfurization of a gas oil, particularly when the refractory oxide support has a narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: A polymer concrete pipe liner is formed from a fluidized, but substantially waterless cement containing mixture applied to the pipe interior. The mixture is composed of inorganic cement particles, a liquid styrene mixture and a minor amount of one or more poly-olefinically unsaturated co-monomers. The mixture substantially excludes acrylonitrile and acrylamide. The co-monomers are preferably selected from a group including trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, hexadiene, and polyvinylsiloxanes. Mixing the liquid and solid components forms a slurry which is transferred to a pipe interior. Transfer properties can be controlled by particulate gradation, dissolved polymers, and rheology control additives. The pipe is then spun to centrifugally cast the liner. The composition avoids the need for high temperature curing and toxic reactive unsaturates to co-polymerize and cross-link polystyrene.

Abstract: Oligomeric thiocarbonates such as hexathiodicarbonate salts and thioesters are used as pesticides and preservatives. Certain oligomeric thiocarbonate salts, notably quaternary ammonium hexathiodicarbonates, are prepared. The compounds are stabilized with added base and/or sulfide.

Abstract: The pressure build-up of hydrocarbon wells is quickly measured allowing the well to be shut-in for a shorter length of time than previously possible to achieve the same results. After the well has been shut-in at the surface the rate of change of the level of the gas/liquid interface within the well bore is determined. The level change data are converted into pressure build-up data and flow rate data. Applying the convolution integral to the pressure build-up data gives the value of the equilibrated pressure of the well. The deconvoluted data can then be used to solve conventional algorithms to determine the state of the well bore and surrounding formation. The operator of the well can then make a variety of decisions, including continuing to produce from the well, stimulating the well, or abandoning the well.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from natural gas by contacting the natural gas with a scrubber oil that absorbs the hydrogen sulfide. The natural gas typically contains some water, or water can be added, and the resulting mixture is used to form a water-in-scrubber oil emulsion. Sulfur dioxide added to the water-in-oil emulsion reacts with the hydrogen sulfide present in the emulsion.

Abstract: Compositions containing one or more surfactants in combination with sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 molar ratio is below 2. These compositions contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is herbicidally active for controlling vegetation. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical. The surfactant-containing compositions are particularly useful for the treatment of materials containing lipophilic substances.

Abstract: The invention controls a well during completion by first running a sealable well completion tool and string downhole from the surface and isolating a productive interval near an oil or gas formation from the remainder of the wellbore. The drilling or other fluid in the interval is displaced from the interval under control by a non-damaging fluid. Using a pressure source from the surface, the non-damaging fluid is pressurized and circulated to move the gravel to the formation face by fluid entrainment. After the gravel is separated from the entraining fluid to form a gravel pack, the oil or gas formation may now be produced through the gravel pack.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising zeolite Beta and a pillared clay is especially suited for use in combination with one or more hydrogenation components as a catalyst for hydrocracking various types of feedstocks.

Abstract: A measured and controlled tension is applied to one or more lines or cables attached to a drilling rig. Preferably, the tensioned line provide reactive torque support for the power swivel, The controlled tension allows a greater power swivel torque to be used on existing drilling rig structures and better distributes any portion of the torque load reacted by the structure. The controlled tension system can also be integrated into a fail-safe control system, where sensed cable failure or excessive cable loads cause a safe shutdown of operations, or the measured tension may also be based to control other drilling operations, such as hoisting speeds.

Abstract: An integrated system of non-condensable gas (NCG) and condensate treatment allows geothermal power plant condensate and non-condensable gas effluent streams containing H.sub.2 S and ammonia to be commercially useful for more than for cooling tower makeup. In the preferred embodiment, the pH of the condensate is increased by adding ammonia and the pH increased stream is contacted with NCG to scrub and oxidize the H.sub.2 S constituent of the NCG. By reducing the pH, the condensate or aqueous stream mixture can also be used to further transfer ammonia from the non-condensable gas stream to the aqueous stream, enriching the stream for use as a fertilizer/irrigation water mixture. If other commercial uses are desired for the mixture and/or oxidized NCG streams, they can be resin treated to remove the ammonia constituent. With the ammonia and H.sub.2 S constituents decreased, the condensate may be used for a variety of applications and the NCG can be injected or used as a commercial feed stream.

Abstract: Aqueous thiocarbonate solutions are stabilized by the addition of base, sulfide and/or polysulfide, and the stability and safety of the more concentrated solutions containing 1 weight percent or more equivalent CS.sub.2 as a thiocarbonate are achieved as reflected by significant reduction of CS.sub.2 partial pressure in such solutions. Also, deposit formation in irrigation systems delivering such thiocarbonates, such as drip emitters and sprinkler heads, is reduced or eliminated with minor amounts of sodium hexametaphosphate.

Abstract: High quality lubricating oil base stocks are produced from crude oils that contain significant concentrations of aromatic compounds in their higher boiling fractions. First, the crude is fractionated. After the residua fraction has been deasphalted, it is combined with the gas oil fraction. The resultant combined fraction is hydrocracked. The hydrocrackate is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction. The heavy fraction is hydrodewaxed, then hydrofinished. The hydrofinished product is combined with the light fraction and distilled into products including middle distillate fuel products and lubricating oil base stocks. The lubricating oil base stocks have high VI.

Abstract: A differential analysis method can be used to determine the presence or absence of a fluid in contact with a tubing string within a wellbore. The method uses a signal generator and detects tubing-perturbed signals, searches for an initial interfacial indicator within a window, axially aligns indicators within a data series as the detector traverses the tubing, discerns an adjacent interfacial indicator known to be incrementally changed by the presence of the fluid, and compares the adjacent indicators to the known incremental change. Even if the absolute location or condition of the interface is uncertain, the relative change indicates the presence or absence of fluid. A prior condition indicator can also be used to determine a second window for detecting an adjacent surface signal indicators.

Abstract: A method for rotary drilling and removing cuttings provides a underbalanced drilling fluid pressure at the drilling face but overbalanced pressure in the wellbore. The preferred method uses a rotary drill within a housing which also encloses a jet pump which draws and pressurizes the cuttings and drilling fluid, a separator of the cuttings and a portion of the pressurized drilling fluid, and a nozzles to supply separated and reduced pressure drilling fluid back to drilling face while the cuttings and remaining pressurized drilling fluid flows up towards the surface. The method avoids overpressure strengthening of the drill face and underpressure damage to the wellbore.