Abstract: The invention pertains to the composition of a novel polymeric initiator and method for initiating the polymerization of vinyl monomers into water soluble polymers or block copolymers. The polymeric initiator has the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is H or a cation, R.sub.1 is a linear or branched lower alkylene group having from about 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is H or a lower alkyl group having from about 1 to 5 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 10. The resulting water soluble block copolymers are very useful in sludge dewatering applications.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of silica deposition on the surfaces of a structure which contains an aqueous medium comprising adding to the aqueous medium a composition comprising HEDP, PEG and a water soluble polymer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein M is a water soluble cation. This invention is particularly effective in cooling water and steam generating systems.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion on metallic surfaces which either have been immersed in and removed from an aqueous medium or are partially immersed in a static aqueous medium. The invention comprises adding to an aqueous medium a composition comprising ammonium lignosulfonate, NO.sub.2, B.sub.4 O.sub.7 and SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of silica deposition on the internal surfaces of an aqueous system comprising adding to the aqueous system a phosphonate compound and a water soluble polymer having the structure: ##STR1## wherein M is a water soluble cation. The aqueous systems in which the water soluble phosphonate and polymer are particularly effective on cooling water and boiler systems.

Abstract: A composition and methods for use in oilfield waterflood systems are disclosed. The composition is comprised of a phosphonate, a copolymer, and a permanganate and is effective at inhibiting the corrosion of metallic systems in petroleum oilfields caused by chlorine dioxide. Methods of use of phosphonate and permanganate alone are also disclosed. Chlorine dioxide is used in oilfield waterflood systems to control sulfides and sulfate reducing bacteria. However, chlorine dioxide is highly corrovive to the metallic components in the processing equipment of an oilfield system. The most effective system currently used to inhibit corrosion caused by chlorine dioxide comprises chromates. However, chromates are highly toxic and their use throughout the country is becoming increasingly restricted.

Abstract: A process for detackifying paint in a wet paint spray booth wherein water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint from the paint spray operation. The process comprises forming stable colloid solutions consisting of weakly electropositive metals. Additionally, to activate the metal cation, various anionic or cathionic polymers may be selected and used.

Abstract: New composition of monomers and polymers and their methods of use are disclosed. The polymers are water soluble and are composed of repeat units formed from an ethylenically unsaturated compound, and repeat units formed from substituted allyloxy alkylenes.

Abstract: A process for detackifying paint, lacquer or enamel in a paint spray booth in which water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint, lacquer or enamel particles. The process comprises adding to the wash water a sufficient amount for the purpose of a cationic organic polymer and a selective anionic organic polymer. The process is particularly adaptable to activator catalyzed treatment programs in which the inorganic anion is lost as a precipitate due to adverse conditions such as increasing wash water acidity. The substitution of an organic anionic polymer for the inorganic anion alleviates this problem.

Abstract: In a hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking process, high concentrations of sodium in the hydrocarbon entering the reactor will poison the reaction sites on the FCC catalysts, thereby reducing the efficiency of the cracking process. The addition of an aluminum compound to the hydrocarbon significantly reduces the poisoning effect of the sodium on the catalyst. The aluminum compound may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum oxide and sulfate salts of aluminum.

Abstract: A method for treating emulsified oil contaminants in the wastewater effluent of industrial and food processing operations. Cationic polymers and silicate ions are found to effectively coagulate the oily particles to facilitate removal from the water.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to water-in-oil emulsion polymers which are used to flocculate matter suspended in aqueous systems. The disclosure and invention are particularly relevent to emulsion polymers which are self-inverting.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting the deposition of white pitch on the surfaces of papermaking equipment during the processing of recycled coated broke. The process involves adding to the coated broke during repulping a composition having a first compound of a tetrafunctional alkoxylated diamine having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not the same, and a second compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphate, phosphonate and phosphonic acid.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the efficacy of anti-microbial chemical compounds in an aqueous medium comprising adding an anionic chemical species to the medium. The anion acts as a competing electron receptor of the terminal cellular reduction reaction. This results in a weakening of the microorganism leaving it more vulnerable to effective action by the anti-microbial chemical.

Abstract: A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to processing in the desalter. The amine maximizes the yield of wash water removed from the desalter and substantially improves the removal of acid generating corrosive elements.The addition of the amine upstream of the desalter results in the removal of a significant amount of corrosive chlorides from the crude oil before it is passed through the fractionating unit and other refinery operations. Furthermore, the avoidance of adding metals and the assistance in removing other metals from the crude system aids in the reduction or elimination of downstream fouling and petroleum catalyst poisoning.

Abstract: A method of neutralizing chloride ions present in a hydrocarbon medium during processing in a petroleum refinery. Nitrilotriacetic acid or its salt form is injected into the crude charge upstream of the preheat unit. Chloride levels are reduced in this way without the deleterious effects which result from treatment with the conventionally used NaOH.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polymer compositions which are useful for water treatment. These novel compostions are comprised of polymers of -60 ,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s), preferably containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic amide functionalities, and amine-containing allyl ether monomers.

Abstract: The present invention involves the use of a polymeric material comprised of polyvinyl alcohol moieties to control the depositing tendency of adhesive materials contained in waste paper and paper products which are being utilized to produce finished paper products. The polyvinyl alcohol is added to the water sprays or showers used on the felts, wires, and press rolls.

Abstract: In the desalter operation of a petroleum refinery, a method which measures and regulates the stability of the oil-in-water emulsion. A device located downstream of the desalter monitors the electrical charge of oil droplets in the effluent brine. This charge reflects emulsion stability. The amount of charge streaming past a point defines a current. When a predetermined streaming current threshold is crossed, the monitoring device electrically sends a signal proportional to the excess to a metering pump or valve which adds a predetermined proportional quantity of emulsion breaker to the petroleum/water mixture in the desalter.

Abstract: A water soluble polymer composition is disclosed. The polymer has repeat units characterized by the structural formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3); R.sub.2 is OH, OM, or NH.sub.2 ; M is a water soluble cation; R.sub.3 is a hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or a non-substituted alkyl or alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anionic radical; Z is H or hydrogens or a water soluble cation or cations which together counterbalance the valence of X, and a is 0 or 1. The copolymer is effective in inhibiting the precipitation of certain scale forming salts, and also acts to inhibit corrosion of metal parts in contact with water systems.

Abstract: A process for detackifying and coagulating paint in a wet paint spray booth wherein water is used to wash the air containing oversprayed paint from the paint spray operation. The process comprises forming stable colloid solutions consisting of weakly electropositive metals. Additionally, to activate the metal cation, various anionic or cationic polymers may be selected and used.