Abstract: Methacrylic acid or acrylic acid are produced by the oxidation of methacrolein or acrolein, respectively, with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalytic oxide of molybdenum, phosphorus, arsenic, a rare earth element or mixture thereof, oxygen, and optionally, at least one of Ag, Tl, Rh, Pd, Ru, Pt, Cd, Al, Au, Cu, alkaline earth metal, Cl, and NH.sub.4.
Abstract: Methacrylic acid or acrylic acid are produced by the oxidation of methacrolein or acrolein, respectively, with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalytic oxide of molybdenum, phosphorus, arsenic, a rare earth element or mixture thereof, oxygen, and optionally, at least one of Ag, Tl, Rh, Pd, Ru, Pt, Cd, Al, Au, Cu, alkaline earth metal, Cl, and NH.sub.4.
Abstract: Catalysts containing tungsten, phosphorus, vanadium and molybdenum have been found to be especially effective for the oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to form the corresponding unsaturated acid. These catalysts may optionally contain one or more of tin, antimony, arsenic, copper, cerium, boron, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, uranium, manganese, strontium, silver, rubidium, rhodium, cadmium, bismuth, indium, zinc and lanthanum.
Abstract: The present invention is an improved process for the recovery of bitumen from tar sand by employing a vessel containing a liquid comprising an organic phase consisting of a hydrocarbon solvent which is immiscible in water and an aqueous phase. The tar sand optionally containing water is introduced into the organic phase and then subsequently passes into the aqueous phase.
Abstract: Maleic anhydride is produced by the reaction of n-butane with a molecular oxygen-containing gas at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst composed of the combined oxides of the elements antimony, molybdenum and at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron and vanadium and optionally one or more oxides of aluminum, boron, tellurium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, bismuth, phosphorus titanium and tungsten.