Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the removal of biofilms composed of microorganisms from submerged surfaces in an aqueous medium comprising contacting said biofilm with an aqueous stabilized chlorine dioxide and at least one nutrient source, wherein said nutrient source is provided in an amount effective to result in the generation of one or more acidic compounds by said biofilm, and the aqueous stabilized chlorine dioxide is provided in an amount sufficient, when activated by said one or more acidic compounds generated by said microorganisms, to kill a sufficient number of microorganisms in the biofilm to result in the biofilm's removal. Optionally a second biocide may be provided with or after the nutrient source to kill any microorganisms released from the biofilm during its removal and thereby inhibit the reformation of the biofilm.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of cis-olefins from cis-olefinic alcohols consisting essentially of the following steps:(a) reacting a cis-olefinic alcohol with a source of an alkali metal ion selected from the group consisting of lithium and sodium ions to form a first reaction product,(b) then contacting said thus formed first reaction product with a sulfonyl halide compound to form a second reaction product,(c) then containing said thus formed second reaction product with an alkyl magnesium compound and a cuprous salt to form a third reaction product comprising a cis-olefin wherein said steps are carried out in a suitable organic solvent.

Abstract: Novel DNA constructs comprising regulatory regions plus the structural coding region for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are disclosed. The regulatory regions employed are responsive to methanol, non-catabolite repressing carbon sources and catabolite repressing carbon sources followed by carbon source starvation. The novel constructs are incorporated into a variety of linear and circular plasmids. Such plasmids are used to transform suitable hosts and ultimately used for the production and isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen in high yields.

Abstract: A novel organophilic clay suspension medium prepared by admixing an organophilic clay with a hydrocarbon oil and an activator selected from the group consisting of phenyl hydroxyalkyl ethers and phenylalkanols. Optionally water may be added to the admixture for further improving the suspension medium.

Abstract: The tubes in a tube bundle through which heat exchange medium flows transversely are supported by rods arranged at a substantial angle with respect to the direction of fluid flow. In a preferred embodiment, tube bundles supported by rods are positioned in a stirred vessel for heat exchange with the fluid in the stirred vessel. In a further preferred embodiment, the stirred vessel is a fermentor for the production of bacteria or yeast.

Abstract: An improved aqueous drilling fluid additive comprising chromium acetate and sulfoalkylated tannins optionally in combination with lignite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for delaying the rate at which water soluble polymers are gelled by an aldehyde and a phenolic compound and for increasing the mechanical strength of these gels which comprises contacting an aqueous solution of said water soluble polymer, aldehyde, phenolic compound, and water with from 0.004 to about 0.049 wt % of a transition metal ion. In addition, novel gelable compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: An external combustion engine including a rotary motor equipped with non-sliding vanes but conformable to the shapes of the envelopes within which they are contained and forced to operate and a combustion member comprising a sleeve in which a piston is free to reciprocate. The two end closures of the sleeve and the piston ends cooperate to form combustion chambers at both ends of the piston strokes. The motor compresses air for admission in the combustion chambers where fuel is burned and is also used for expanding the combusted gas resulting from the fuel combustion. The gas expansion produces more energy than is required to compress the air. The energy difference constitutes the energy yielded by the engine in the form of shaft power. The air admission the combusted gas exhaust from the combustion member, the fuel injection and ignition are all timely controlled by the piston motion.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a powdered antimony pentoxide composition that rapidly disperses on contact with water. The process comprises spray drying the antimony sol at a temperature of from 180.degree. to 210.degree. F.

Abstract: Blends of water soluble polymers containing varying ratios of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate are provided which synergistically increase the viscosity of acidic solutions. Improved methods of matrix acidizing and fracture acidizing are also provided.

Abstract: A composition is provided which, when applied to a metal surface, forms a corrosion-inhibiting film thereon. The composition comprises an epoxy resin, and a petroleum sulfonate, usually in a hydrocarbon diluent. The composition can further comprise a polyamine, an alcohol or both. The composition is applied by contacting the metal surface with the composition as one solution or as a hydrocarbon solution of the epoxy resin and a solution comprising the petroleum sulfonate. The composition is particularly useful in the treatment of downhole metal surfaces in oil and gas wells to inhibit the corrosion of the metal.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for making a E,Z-11-tetradecen-1-al containing from 80 to 83 mole percent of the E isomer and from 17 to 20 mole percent of the Z isomer which exhibits pheromone-like activity for the spruce bud worm (choristoneura fumiferana).

Abstract: Selective hydrogenation of the unsaturated nitrogen-containing ring in heterocyclic aromatic compounds is promoted by the use of at least one hydrogenation catalyst selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, ruthenium and rhodium in the presence of reaction modifiers exemplified by carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Selective hydrogenation of the unsaturated nitrogen-containing ring in heterocyclic aromatic compounds is promoted by the use of hydrogenation catalysts selected from the group consisting of iridium, iridium dioxide, rhenium, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium trioxide, ferric oxide, iron pentacarbonyl, cobalt oxide-molybdenum oxide and copper chromite.

Abstract: Compositions of water soluble polymers coated with hydrophobic fumed silica are readily dispersed in water. A method for improving the water dispersibility of a water soluble polymer is disclosed.

Abstract: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a moisture content in the range of 12 to 25 weight percent water can be formulated with hydrocarbon oils, anionic surfactants and suspending agents to provide stable suspensions. The suspended CMC does not tend to settle out and/or compact during extended periods of storage.

Abstract: Sequential charging of initiator and monomers in a multistage solution polymerization process involving conjugated diene and monovinylaromatic monomers wherein the initial and final charges are monovinylaromatic monomer results in the production of polymodal linear block copolymers with terminal resinous blocks. A typical 6-stage charge sequence is as follows: stage 1: (S.sub.i); stage 2: (S.sub.i); stage 3: (B); stage 4: (S.sub.i); stage 5: (B) and stage 6: (S) wherein (S.sub.i) is monovinylaromatic monomer and initiator, (B) is conjugated diene monomer and (S) is monovinylaromatic monomer. At each stage, polymerization is allowed to continue until no free monomer is present.The polymodal block copolymer products comprise high, medium and low molecular weight species designated, respectively, as S.sub.1 -S.sub.2 -B.sub.1 -S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 -S.sub.4 ; S.sub.2 -B.sub.1 -S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 -S.sub.4 ; and S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 -S.sub.4 wherein S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3 and S.sub.

Abstract: Sequential charging of initiator and monomers in a multistage solution polymerization process involving conjugated diene and monovinylaromatic monomers wherein the final charge is a mixture of these monomers results in the production of resinous polymodal linear block copolymers each with a terminal tapered block. A typical 5-stage charge sequence is as follows: Stage 1: (S.sub.i); Stage 2: (S.sub.i); Stage 3: (B); Stage 4: (S.sub.i); Stage 5: (S+B) wherein (S.sub.i) is monovinylaromatic monomer and initiator; (B) is conjugated diene monomer and (S+B) is monovinylaromatic monomer and conjugated diene monomer. At each stage, polymerization is allowed to continue until no free monomer is present.The trimodal block copolymer products comprise high, medium and low molecular weight species designated, respectively, as S.sub.1 -S.sub.2 -B.sub.1 -S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 .fwdarw.S.sub.4 ; S.sub.2 -B.sub.1 -S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 .fwdarw.S.sub.4 ; and S.sub.3 -B.sub.2 .fwdarw.S.sub.4 wherein S.sub.1, S.sub.2 and S.sub.