Abstract: The present invention provides improved adhesion promoters for latex paints. The adhesion promoters are enamines of acetoacetate esters, or substituted acetoacetate esters. The invention also provides two new compounds which are useful as adhesion promoters: 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol bis(3-amino-2-butenoate) and trimethyl propane tris(3-amino-2-butenoate), and which are stable to hydrolysis on prolonged storage.

Abstract: A process for packaging normally tacky amorphous polyolefins, and other materials having similar melt viscosities, is provided. The process entails flowing a heated material into a molded polyolefin container having a minimum wall thickness of about 0.1 mm to less than 0.24 mm at a temperature above the melting point of the container, followed by slowly cooling the filled container. The process is conducted at ambient conditions without the use of cooling fluids.

Abstract: This invention provides the preparation of water-dispersible polyester/acrylic hybrids via a two-stage emulsion polymerization process. For example, methacrylic acid and/or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate are copolymerized with styrene/acrylic monomers to yield a relatively hydrophilic and hydro-plasticized first stage. Subsequent additions of hydrophobic monomers to this first stage "seed" results in an inversion of the latex such that the more hydrophilic first stage is at the particle surface. This results not only in improved stability of the resulting latex without the use of additional surfactants, as evidenced by the production of reduced amounts of coagulum, while it also offers relatively low minimum filming temperatures due to the hydroplasticization of the shell of the particle. Furthermore, the use of the water-dispersible polyester results in extremely fine latex particle sizes which can significantly enhance coating properties such as film gloss and clarity.

Abstract: A method for rupturing microalgae in an aqueous suspension is disclosed. In one embodiment the aqueous suspension is passed through a constriction into a liquid phase at a pressure sufficient to rupture the cells by circulating the aqueous suspension through a constriction in a pump loop at a pressure and a percent recycle sufficient to rupture the cells. Cells of the alga Dunaliella salina can be ruptured by the method of the invention to promote froth flotation and mechanical filtration of the cells for recovery of mixed carotenoids.

Abstract: A polymer composition having naphthalenedicarboxylic residue includes a fluorescence quenching benzylidene compound capable of absorbing ultraviolet light radiation. In a preferred embodiment, the composition includes at least a 0.1 mole percent of naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate and about 0.01 mole percent to about 5 mole percent of a benzylidene compound having the following structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl and --R.sub.2 --X, wherein R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene-O--C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene-S--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene-S--C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene-N(SO.sub.2 C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)-C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel thermoplastic article having metallic wire, rod and/or bar embedded therein produced by applying heat and pressure to a laminate comprising, in order, (1) an upper sheet material, (2) metallic wire, rods or bars, and (3) a lower sheet material to produce a thermoplastic article having metallic wire, rod and/or bar embedded therein. The upper and lower sheet materials are formed from a copolyester having an inherent viscosity of 0.5 to 1.2 dL/g, when measured at 25.degree.C. using 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions comprising thermoplastic elastomers and microporous inorganic fillers, and novel continuous, non-porous films formed therefrom which are impermeable to blood and preferably have enhanced moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR).

Abstract: This invention provides the composition, preparation, and end-use of waterborne crosslinking technology based compositions prepared from water-based latexes. The invention provides a water-based latex comprising dispersed, waterborne amino-functional polymer particles; dispsered, waterborne acetoacetoxy-functional polymer particles; and water. In a preferred embodiment, a latex of the invention comprises dipsered, waterborne polymeric (polyamino)enamine (PPAE) particles; dispersed, waterborne acetoacetoxy-functional polymer particles; and water. The PPAE is the reaction product of a surfactant-stabilized acetoacetoxy-functional polymer (SAAP) and a poly(alkylenimine). The water-based latexes of the invetion provide stable emulsions containing a blend of waterborne polymer particles which undergo crosslinking upon film formation. The latex films or coatings may be cured at ambient temperatures or may be thermally cured.

Abstract: The present invention provides certain carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) esters of higher acids (e.g., CMC acetate propionate, CMC propionate, CMC acetate butyrate, and CMC butyrate)having specific use in aqueous dispersions useful in formulating waterborne coating compositions containing pigments, especially metallic pigments such as aluminum flakes and mica. The esters also have specific use as wetting agents and in high solids coatings.

Abstract: This invention provides low foam waterborne polymer compositions stabilized against gelling due to the addition of a poly(alkylenimine) by addition of surfactants. Preferably, the surfactants are nonionic surfactants having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of at least about 17.5. Polymerization in the presence of phosphate surfactants has been found to yield low foam polymers. These stable low foam polymer compositions are useful in a variety of coating formulations such as, for example, paints, inks, sealants, textile backcoatings, adhesives and the like. Methods of making stable low foam polymer are also disclosed.

Abstract: Monoesters and macrocyclic diesters of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and phthalic acid or a derivative thereof are described. Methods by which such monoesters and diesters may be prepared are also described. The mono- and diesters according to the invention are useful in the preparation of clear, hard thermoplastic polymers. The thermoplastic polymers are useful in coatings, inks, reinforced plastics and packaging materials.

Abstract: An organic solvent based polyester ink formulation having a fluorescing compound therein is suitable for ink jet printing applications. The ink is useful for producing invisible printing/markings on the surface of a variety of materials for identification, authentication, sorting, etc. Suitable printing substrates include porous and non-porous materials such as plastic, film, sheeting, fabric, paper, high gloss paper; metal, foils, plates; rubber; glass; cellophane; wood; and the like. The ink formulation contains at least one organic soluble polyester, having at least one near infrared fluorophore copolymerized therein, dissolved in an organic solvent. Suitable organic solvents include a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 carbon ketone, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 carbon organic ester, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 carbon alcohol, or a combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the polyester containing the copolymerized near infrared fluorophore is dissolved in a solvent comprising a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 carbon ketone and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolyester having an inherent viscosity ranging from about 0.4 to about 1.4 and a cold crystallization temperature ranging from about 120 to about 160.degree. C. Such copolyesters comprise the reaction product of a glycol component comprising from about 85 to about 100 mole % of 1,3-propanediol, a dibasic acid component comprising from about 85 to about 100 mole % of a dibasic acid selected from terephthalic acid, napthalenedicarboxylic acid, anhydrides, acid chlorides, and lower alkyl esters thereof, and mixtures thereof, and from about 5 to about 15 mole % of a comonomer. The presence of the comonomer lowers the crystallization temperature of the copolyesters according to the invention such that amorphous preforms can be easily molded from the copolyesters. Such amorphous preforms are readily stretch blow molded into bottles or other container shapes or may be injection molded into various shapes or objects or extruded into film or sheeting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of an amine by contacting in a reaction zone a water-soluble aldehyde, water, ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a supported ruthenium catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure. The process is particularly useful for the preparation of 3-(aminomethyl)tetrahydrofuran by contacting an aqueous solution of 3-formyltetrahydrofuran with ammonia and hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a supported ruthenium catalyst. The use of a supported ruthenium catalyst has been found to avoid the problem of catalyst leaching encountered when a nickel catalyst is used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolyester, having (a) a repeat unit of a dicarboxylic acid component, having from 80 to 100 mole % terephthalic acid or the corresponding ester thereof, and from 0 to 20 mole % of a modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acid having less than or equal to 20 carbon atoms or the corresponding ester thereof, wherein the total mole % of dicarboxylic acid component is equal to 100 mole %; and (b) a repeat unit of a glycol component, having from 5 to 85 mole % 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, ethylene glycol of from 15 to 95 mole %, and at least 1 mole % of a modifying glycol having from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, wherein the total mole % of glycol component is equal to 100 mole %. The invention also relates to a method of making the copolyester described above. The invention also relates to articles made from the copolyesters described above. The invention further relates to a method of determining the melt strength and sag of a polyester.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 3-alkyltetrahydrofurans by a two-step process wherein 2,3-dihydrofuran is reacted with an acetal to form an intermediate compound which may be converted to a 3-alkyltetrahydrofuran by contacting the intermediate with hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Group VIII noble metal or rhenium, water and a strong acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition of photopolymerizable coatings forming cosmetic films that are especially useful for human and animal nail coatings. The coating compositions are based on certain cellulose ester derivatives, which possess groups capable of free radical addition reactions with unsaturated ethylenic pendant groups on other compounds upon exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of an photoinitiator. The coating compositions contain solvents, pigments, modifying resins, plasticizers, and other compounds mixed and maintained in a liquid solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a compositional blend having a polyester, an acetaldehyde reduction compound and less than 50 ppm of an optical brightener. The blend has utility for food and beverage molded containers where improved clarity and flavor retention are important without producing a haze. The acetaldehyde reduction compound can be a low molecular weight partially aromatic polyamide, a low molecular weight aliphatic polyamides or polyesteramide. The optical brightener preferably is a bis(benzoxazolyl) stilbene. Articles, and especially beverage containers, produced from the blend have a yellowness, b*, less than about 2.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of cyclopropanemethylamine (CPMA) from cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde (CPCA), ammonia and hydrogen by a two-step process wherein CPCA is contacted with ammonia to form an imine followed by the hydrogenation of the imine in the presence of a nickel or cobalt catalyst to obtain CPMA in high yields and high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified cellulose ester containing unsaturated pendent groups which can be prepared by reacting a cellulose ester containing residual hydroxyl groups with, for example, maleic anhydride in acetic acid solvent with sodium acetate catalyst. The modified cellulose ester is not homopolymerizable but will copolymerize in the presence of vinyl crosslinking agents and a photoinitiator upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The modified cellulose ester is useful as a protective and/or decorative coating for wood, metal, plastics, paper, board, and other substrates, as well as an additive to printing inks, and as a nail polish. In addition, because of the propensity for the pendant carboxyl groups to form hydrophilic salts with amines, the modified cellulose esters can be formulated to be water-dispersible.